If one takes a look in the Indian map, one will observe that the northwestern half of the peninsular block is covered by black soil and the remaining southeastern half is covered by red soil of various shades of red and yellow. They have matured on old crystalline rocks, under reasonable to profound rainfall conditions. They basically surround the whole black soil region on all sides, and cover the eastern part of the peninsula, comprising Chhotanagpur plateau, Orissa, eastern Madhya Pradesh, Tclangana, the Nilgiris and Tamil Nadu plateau. They continue northwards in the west, along the Konkan coast of Maharashtra. Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands they consist of wobbly gravel-an exceedingly crude material. They are lacking in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous content. They function well with dosage of fertilisers and irrigation waters.