One of the largest southern tributaries of the Ganges is the Son River of central India. The Son River originates in the state of Chhatisgarh in the east direction of the origin of Narmada River. It then flows in the north-northwest direction through Madhya Pradesh before turning in the east direction where it meets the Kaimur range. The river starts flowing in the parallel direction of the Kaimur range in the east-northeast direction through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and joins the Ganges just above Patna, the capital of Bihar.

The river is an extension of the Narmada valley and the Kaimur range an extension of the Vindhya Range in the lower levels. With a length of 784 kilometres (487 miles) the Son is one of the largest rivers in India. The main tributaries of the Son are Rihand and the Koel Rivers. The Son is a wide and shallow river and forms pools of water in the remaining parts of the river. The floodplain of the river is narrow and is only, three to five kilometers wide. The river used to change its course frequently in the past, which has been checked to some extent with the dam at Dehri and also with the construction of Indrapuri Barrage.

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