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History of Jashpur district has shown that Jashpur was a princely state before the independence of the country. However, the history of the region is quite vague. Some historical evidences suggest that for a certain brief period, Dom dynasty ruled the area. The last Dom ruler Raibhan was defeated and killed by the founder of Jashpur Sujan Rai. It is said that Banswada, a smaller state in old Rajputana Province, was the native place of Sujan Rai and his ancestors. They established their rule and Kingdom in Sonpur.
Sujan Rai's younger brother was coronated after the death of their father. Sujan Rai preferred to be a sanyasi and he went to the forests. He finally reached Khudia, the capital of the Dom kingdom. There he found that the people were unhappy and dissatisfied with the Dom Raja Raibhan and were on the verge of revolt. Hence, Sujan Rai led the popular uprising, defeated the Dom Raja in a battle. Sujan Rai became the king and a new state 'Jashpur' was founded by him. Today's Jashpur Royal family belongs to that dynasty.
Further, history of Jashpur District recollects that during Mudhaji Bhonsle's regime, in 1818, Jashpur was brought under Sarguja province for the purpose of efficient administration. However, till 1950, Jashpur was included as a princely state among Chota Nagpur states, administered by the Bengal government. This arrangement continued till 1947 and 1948. Jashpur remained under the administration of Chota Nagpur commissioners from 1948 to 10th October, 1956. On 1st of November, 1956 when Madhya Pradesh was organized as a new state under union of India, Jashpur became a part of it. Till 25th May, 1998 this region remained a part of Raigarh District. On organization of Chhattisgarh as a new state, Jashpur became a part of this province.
An overview of the history of Jashpur District shows specific features of the region. It states that the civilization and cultural heritage are the total sum of man's efforts and contributing impacts of natural surroundings. Jashpur region has been rich and prosperous with archaeological assets. However, no concrete facts or figures supporting the history are available. In the past, the region was known as Yashpur and later Jagdishpur and at present it is Jashpur. Some glimpses of the ancient past could be seen in the two literary works. "The Chhattisgarh feudatory States Gazettier" published in the year 1909 and written by E.M.D Brett and 'Jharkhand Jhankar' a work of literature by deewan of Kanker District Raghuvir Prasad, do mention some facts about the history of Jashpur. No other source has been found so far. Scattered around various parts of the region, one can find remains of idols, statues, and ancient places of worship in their dilapidated state. However, no sculptures, carvings scripts or paintings to provide information about the places of archeological importance are available. Moreover, an investigation into the history of the land reveals a rich and colourful tradition and culture of the people.
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