Fakhr-ud-din-Muhammad Junna Khan was born into a family of Tughluq nobles. He was popularly known as Muhammad Bin Tughluq. He was the most educated of all Muslim rulers who ruled Delhi. He had complete command over Persian, Arabic, Turkish Sanskrit and the subjects like Logic, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Medicine. Alauddin Khilji gave him the title of Akhur Baig in his court as he made a good impression. Junna Khan helped his father during the campaign against Khusraw and in the administrative affairs of the state when Ghiyas-ud-din became the Sultan.

After killing his father he became the Sultan. Muhammad Bin Tughluq was interested in maintaining the Sultanate`s expansion into newly conquered provinces of Peninsular India. It was becoming tougher for him to rule from Delhi to Deccan. He renamed the city Devgiri as Daulatabad and moved the capital there. He made Daulatabad as second metropolis. He forcefully moved the whole population from Delhi to Daulatabad instead of moving the government offices. This idea failed and he again shifted back the capital to Delhi. During this moves many died due to the lack of proper water supply and travel arrangements.

His idea of introducing token currency made of copper instead of silver and golden coins was definitely an excellent idea. He established mints in the cities like Delhi, Lakhnauti, Salgaun, Darul-I-Islam, Sultanpur, Tughluqpur, Daulatabad, Mulk-I Tilang etc. He launched the coins without taking any precaution against forgery. The market was flooded with fake coins. In this situation Sultan withdraw all the copper coins, which caused a huge loss to the royal treasury. Bad luck once again was waiting for him. He increased taxes in the fertile land of the Doab. As famine took place in that area, the farmers were unable to deposit the tax. But the Sultan did not make any reduction. As a result the farmers revolted and took refuge in the jungles. The Doab became barren. Muhammad compensated the farmers with large amounts after knowing the real situation. This resulted again huge losses to the royal treasury. He also planned an expedition towards Khorasan. For that he raised an army of about 370,000 men. But as the political situation changed, he had to drop the idea. This also led to a huge loss to the royal treasury.

His greatest achievement was in the south. He set out to end Hindu rule in south. He tried to enlist the service of `Ulama`, the Muslim clerics. He established many hospitals in Delhi.

As many of his plans failed, it resulted in the loss of money and of course in his popularity. Many historians stated that his plans have failed due to unfavorable conditions. To them he was born much before his time. Above all, the creation of Daulatabad out of the old fortress city of Devagiri gave the Muslims a great stronghold.

He attempted to establish links with other Muslim countries. The Moorish traveler Iban Battuta (1304-1378) was famous among those who came to visit Delhi at the time of Muhammad Bin Tughluq. He was appointed as the chief judge in the capital. His `Book of Travel` is a useful source of the history of Indo-Islamic society.

Muhammad Bin Tughluq`s eccentric rule provoked a series of revolts in the south India. The Hindu Vijayanagar kingdom in the south had been the notable in that series. By his death the Hindu Deccan had become a separate Muslim state, the Bahmani kingdom. Muhammad died when campaigning in Sind. His cousin Firuz Shah Tughlug succeeded him.