The Calcutta Volunteer Rifle Corps was an erstwhile infantry battalion of the Volunteer Corps that functioned under the British Indian Army. It was formed on 3rd February 1863 as the Calcutta Volunteer Rifle Corps by the British Empire in India. The battalion served under the administrative control of the Bengal Army of Bengal Presidency. It was also incorporated as a part of the Bengal Command.

The unit was re-organized as the 1st Battalion, Calcutta Volunteer Rifles on the 3rd February 1863. Later on 1st April 1917 the Calcutta Volunteer Rifle Corps was re-designated as the 5th Calcutta Battalion. It was again renamed as the Calcutta Battalion on 1st October 1920.

Eventually it was merged with the Presidency Battalion in order to raise the Calcutta and Presidency Battalion on 23rd July 1926.

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