North Eastern coalfields are a sector of an organization known as Coal India Limited, whose headquarters is based in the place called Margherita in the Indian state of Assam. In 1975, this unit was established, following the conversion of the private sector`s coals into public sector, which is referred to as nationalization of these coal mines in the country. The other important coal mines in India are located in the Eastern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Nagaland. Currently, there are five functioning mines, out of which three are underground and two others are opencast coal mines.

Today, the activities of coal mining are restricted to Makum coalfields in the district of Tinsukia in Assam. They are a significant part of the North Eastern Coal fields and are renowned for their excellent reserves of coal. The Assam Railways and Trading Company had started the activities of coal mining in Makum Coal Fields on the 30th July, 1881. Ledo Colliery was said to have started the first colliery in the year 1882. On 1st May, 1973, the coal mines became nationalized under the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973. Coal Mines Authority Limited controlled the coal mines in the coalfields of Makum. In November 1975, Coal India Limited was set up. From that time onwards, coal mines of Makum have been under the administration of Coal India Limited.

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