India has a total land area of approximately 328 million hectares. Land utilisation statistics are obtainable for almost 92.7 per cent of the entire area. It is considerable to note that every forefather over the past 8,000 years or so have successful in harbouring nearly 140 million hectares of land from the natural ecosystem to agriculture. From the time of independence, people have been successful to add another 22 million hectares. As a result, 162 million hectares of land excels as the net sown area at present. It forms a stupendous percentage of as high as 51%. No other large country is this much fortunate as India is, in this regard.

According to the available land use statistics, there has been a slight increase in the net sown area. Almost 28 million hectares have been added over the passing few decades. Another 1.3% of the land is under fruit trees. Nearly 5% of the land falls in the category of uncultivated land which is cultivated not every year but once every two to three years. Thus, closely 51% of the whole area, on an average, is cultivated once a year. The uncultivated lands are subsidiary lands and are kept so to re-establish their richness. Its use depends upon high-quality and timely rains also. However, it is noteworthy that the fallow land has declined to 5% from the earlier figure of 7%. This demonstrates possibly greater use of manures and fertilisers and acceptance of new techniques to conserve more moisture in such lands.

The area separated as `cultivable waste`, has remained stationary at 6.4% for several decades. The land under permanent pastures is despondently low and suggests a remarkable population pressure on the land. Also, credit must be confirmed on the farmers that with so modest land under pastures, they have the biggest number of cattle. They are nurtured mainly on husk, grain chaff, farm waste and few fodder crops. This is definitely the most economical way to have a larger number of drought animals and bovine cattle. Areas that have been classed under forests are also used for cattle grazing.

Forested land in India is far less in scientific norm. For a self-sufficient economy and accurate ecological steadiness, at least 1/3rd of the total land area must be kept under forests and natural vegetation. In India it is as low as 19.27%. Photographic proof, gained from satellites have confirmed that only 46 million hectares come under real forests, as opposed to the 63 million hectares, according to land use figures. However, this outline establishes a tiny rise from 40 million hectares.

It is important for the populace to ensure that they increase the area under forests for reasons more than one. A bigger area under forests is an obligation, to maintain the ecological balance and for absorption of carbon dioxide, the assemblage of which is likely to heighten the green house effect. This in turn would raise atmospheric temperature at the global stage. It may lead to thawing of ice caps and equivalent rise in sea level, jeopardising low-lying densely populated parts of the world. Forests supply home to wild life and help their continuation. They help in enhancing the level of rainfall, minimising cases of famine. Forested lands also help in permeation of rainwater in the subsoil and modulating the flow of river waters in both rainy and dry seasons. Forests safeguard not only water but soil as well. They thus help in plummeting the volume of floodwaters and their ferocity.

A part of the land that is not utilised for the moment is classified as wasteland. This embraces the baked and rocky deserts. High mountainous and uneven lands also fall into this category. At times humankind has also been responsible to add to such areas by deforestation and overgrazing.

The mounting population and advanced standards of living have resulted in an ever increasing demand for residential land- both in villages and towns. Cities and towns are obligated to grow vertically rather than horizontally. Still then, land is needed to develop industry, commerce, transport and recreational facilities. Their asserts become overpowering.

One should always keep in mind that the total availability of land is a fixed asset. In view of mounting pressure on land for numerous purposes, it is customary to plan appropriate use of all the obtainable land. This may be done by following fitting measures to control soil erosion, desertification etc. which turns cultivatable land into wildernesses. In addition, some of the barrens may be brought around for different uses. Likewise, with the help of up-to-date and scientific methods of farming, productivity of land can also be amplified. All endeavours should be made to strike a balance amongst diverse use of land