Sikkim is a gorgeous and beautiful state nestled in the Himalayas. Sikkim is thumb-shaped and has a mountainous terrain. The state is hilly and as a result is unfit for agriculture. Certain hill slopes have been converted into farm lands using terrace farming techniques and is used for cultivation. The summit of the Kanchenjunga is the highest point in Sikkim. Numerous streams from the west and south of the state combine into the river Teesta and its tributary, the Rangeet. The Teesta is described as the "lifeline of Sikkim", which flows through the state from north to south.

The Himalayan ranges surround the northern, eastern and western borders of Sikkim in a crescent shape. The Lower Himalayas are the most populated areas. The state has 28 mountain peaks, 21 glaciers, 227 high altitude lakes including the Tsongmo Lake, Gurudongmar and the Khecheopalri Lakes, five hot springs, and over 100 rivers and streams.

Sikkim is connected to Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal by eight mountain passes. The hills of Sikkim mainly consist of gneissose and half-schistose rocks, making the soil poor and shallow. The soil contains large amounts of iron oxide , ranging from neutral to acidic and has poor organic and mineral nutrients. This type of soil tends to support evergreen and deciduous forests.A large portion of Sikkim is covered by the Precambrian rock .The rock consists of phyllites and schists and therefore are prone to weathering and erosion. This with intense rain, causes soil erosion and heavy loss of soil nutrients through leaching. As a result, landslides are frequent in the area.

Sikkim is famous for hot springs which have medicinal and therapeutic values. The most important hot-springs are at Phurchachu(Reshi), Yumthang, Borang, Ralang, Taram-chu and Yumey Samdong. All these hotsprings have high sulphur content and are located near the river banks. The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50°C. The climate ranges from sub-tropical in the south to tundra in the northern parts. The inhabited regions of Sikkim enjoys a temperate climate. The temperatures seldom exceeds 28 °C in summer and is below 0 °C in winter. The state enjoys five seasons as winter, summer, spring, autumn, and monsoon.The average annual temperature of Sikkim is around 18 °C (64 °F). Sikkim is one of the few states in India having regular snowfall. During the monsoon months, the state faces heavy rain fall that increases the number of landslides. The state has a record for the longest period of non-stop rain continiously for eleven days. In the northern region temperatures drop below -40 °C in winter as a result of high altitude. Fog also affects most parts of the state during winter and the monsoons.