Singhbhum Elephant Reserve is said to be the oldest elephant reserve of India which was established in the year 2001, under the `Project Elephant` and the total area occupied by it measures nearly about 13, 440 square kilometres. It is located in areas covering Saraikela-Kharsawan Districts and West Singhbhum and aims to scientifically preserve the natural habitats of elephants by safeguarding the average population of Asiatic Elephants in the state of Jharkhand through effectual management. This ecological elephant reserve strives to conserve the migration routes of the elephants, eliminate conflicts between elephants and humans, stabilising the impact of humans on the habitats of elephants and also defending them from the poachers.
The term `Singhbhum` implies, `Land of Lions`, and `Singh`, according to the Bengali language stands for `lion` while `Bhum` means `land`. Thus the nomenclature of the elephant reserve is appropriate since over half of the district is represented by lush forests and mountains, which serve as the ideal wandering grounds of wild beasts. However, presently, lions are not existent in the Singhbhum Elephant Reserve any longer. The elephant reserve is existent in six forest divisions comprising Jindal Steel & Power Limited, Saranda and others. The Forest Advisory Committee or FAC has launched Project Elephant in order to protect the regional flora and fauna and to take care of the man-animal conflicts.
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