Introduction

India's flora and fauna are incredibly diverse, owing to the nation's vast geography and varied climate. The country's ecosystems, ranging from tropical rainforests and coastal regions to arid deserts and high-altitude Himalayas, support a wide range of plant and animal species. India is home to over 45,000 species of plants and more than 90,000 species of animals, many of which are endemic. This rich biodiversity plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, providing habitats for wildlife, and supporting agriculture and traditional medicines. Conservation efforts are essential, as India's flora and fauna are integral to the country's natural heritage and environmental health.

Indian Flora and Fauna

Indian flora and fauna comprise of numerous forest types, trees, plants, flowers, animal, birds, reptiles etc. The rich and diverse flora and fauna receive support from favorable climatic conditions in India.

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Western Zone

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Western Zone constitutes tremendous variety. Owing to the varying climatic conditions of the country numerous kinds of plants, trees, reptiles, mammals and amphibians are found in this region.

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Eastern Zone

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Eastern Zone comprises of a huge variety. A large area of the eastern India is covered by dense forest having numerous species of plants and trees.

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Northern Zone

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Northern Zone are the representation of richness of the natural resources of India. Tremendous variety of plants is found in different states of northern India.

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Southern Zone

Indian Flora and Fauna of the Southern Zone have a great contribution in the diversity of Indian ecosystem. They also allure numerous tourists across the globe.

Botanical Gardens of India

In India there are many Botanical Gardens that preserve countless indigenous plant species. These Gardens are places for research regarding plantation, cultivation and quality and quantity of fruits and flowers.

Indian Animals

Indian animals boast of a rich and varied biodiversity in the country. Indian wild animals are tiger, lion, elephant, leopard, etc. Some of the Indian pet animals are dogs, cats and rabbits.

Indian Birds

Indian birds are of various types and species and are found throughout the length and breadth of the sub-continent. The Indian sub-continent has 13% of the total bird species found in the world.

Indian Reptiles

Indian reptiles comprise one of the largest parts of the Indian wildlife and are found all over the country. They receive shelter in the Indian wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.

Butterfly

Butterflies have captured the maximum interest of human beings among all interests. This is mainly due to its large size, beautiful colour patterns and universal habitat.

Indian Pheasants

Indian Subcontinent provides suitable habitats to a species of birds called Pheasants. Various species of pheasants have been recorded in different parts of India.

Indian Wildlife

Indian wildlife comprises of several species of animals, birds, reptiles, etc. Areas protecting Indian wildlife are known as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Endangered Species in India

Endangered Species in India includes birds, mammals and reptiles that are in desperate need of conservation, protection and mass awareness. These species have been identified by different national and international organizations.

Natural Vegetation in India

Natural Vegetation in India refers to a plant community which has grown naturally by following the climatic variables. They have been left undisturbed by humans for a long time.

Indian Plants

Indian plants are of various types and each of the species has a specialty of its own. Some plants are used for decoration, while others are used for treatments of different diseases.

Indian Trees

Indian trees are grouped into gardening trees, timber trees, medicinal trees, evergreen trees, deciduous trees, etc. Different species of trees are used for different purposes.

Indian Shrubs

Indian shrubs are small to medium-sized bushes, which have persistent woody stems above the ground. Some of these shrubs are Red Bell Bush, Golden Shower, Purple Wreath and Moonbeam.

Forest Vegetation in India

Forest Vegetation in India covers a wide range of types depending on the prevailing geographic conditions in a particular part of the country. 

Forest Vegetation in India

Forest Vegetation in India covers a wide range of types depending on the prevailing geographic conditions in a particular part of the country. 

Indian National Parks

Indian national parks are innumerable and scattered throughout the nation, which have been established to protect the rich variety of wildlife in the country.

Indian Wildlife Sanctuaries

Indian wildlife sanctuaries are homes to diverse wild species. In India, there are around 531 wildlife sanctuaries. These sanctuaries are scattered throughout the country.

Reserved Forests in India

Reserve forests in India are considered as rich source of flora and fauna, which helps in maintaining biological balance in the environment. Typically, reserved forests in India enjoy higher degree of protection.

Indian Biosphere Reserves

Indian biosphere reserves are designated areas, in which plant and animal species and their habitats are protected. Some of them are part of the international network of biosphere reserves.

Tiger Reserves in India

Tiger reserves in India strive to attain success in preserving tiger population in the country. Project Tiger is a conservation program under which the Indian tiger reserves are administered.

Elephant Reserves in India

Elephant reserves in India are various protected areas, which conserve elephants and their natural habitats in the country. Along with elephants, several other species of wildlife are protected in these areas.

Biodiversity of Thar Desert

Biodiversity of Thar Desert is accountable for diversified ecosystem and human culture. There are stretches of sand in the region which include sandy plains and hillocks.

Deserts and Xeric Shrub-Lands in India

Deserts and xeric shrub-lands in India has been defined as a biome that is characterized by, relating to, or requiring only a small amount of moisture.

Vegetation in Indian Semi-Deserts and Deserts

Vegetation in the Indian semi-deserts and deserts is quite interesting. Though, the desert seems to be hot and barren with no life at all, at a first glance, it does house nature`s wonders at their best.

Rain Forests of India

Rainforests of India are mainly located in the north-eastern state of Assam. They are also found in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and the Western Ghats.

Temperate Deciduous Forests

The temperate deciduous forest has four distinct seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In the autumn the leaves change colour.

Upper Gangetic Plains Moist Deciduous Forests in India

Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests in India lie on the alluvial plain of the Asia`s largest river, Ganges and also Yamuna, and cover a huge area of 263,100 square kilometers.

Central Deccan Plateau Dry Deciduous Forests in India

Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests in India are an integral part of the Deccan Plateau that is a large triangular plateau, situated in southern India.

Chottanagpur Dry Deciduous Forests in India

Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests in India extend across the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal. The forests are home to large populations of Asia's largest predator and largest herbivore, the Tiger and the Asian Elephant.

Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf Forests in India

Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests in India form an ecoregion that is globally outstanding for both species richness and levels of endemism.

Deccan Thorn Scrub Forests in India

Deccan Thorn scrub forests in India are located in the arid parts of the Deccan Plateau. The region is spread across the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests in India

Northwestern Thorn scrub forests in India form an ecoregion that represents a large expanse of degraded dry forest surrounding the Thar Desert.

Eastern Highlands Moist Deciduous Forests

Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests are recognized for the rich and varied flora and fauna. The region is spread over an area of 341, 100 sq. km. covering different states of eastern and central India.

East Deccan Dry Evergreen Forests

East Deccan dry evergreen forests are an ecoregion of southeastern India. It covers the eastern part of Tamil Nadu and southeastern part of Andhra Pradesh.

Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago Tropical Moist Forests

Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forest is located in the region of Indian Ocean with the broad wood leaves like Scaevola and Argusia.

Himalayan Subtropical Pine Forests

Himalayan subtropical pine forests are renowned for being the largest in the whole of the Indo - Pacific areas. It comprises of subtropical coniferous forest eco region.

Mountain Forests in India

Mountain Forests in India are an integral part of the country`s natural vegetation. These forests are mainly located at a high altitude in the mountains and usually vary to a great extent.

Indian Dry Deciduous Forests

Indian dry deciduous forests are actually a type of the Indian deciduous or monsoon forests and they are mainly found in both Northern India and in south Deccan plateau in India.

Forests in Eastern Ghats Mountain Range in India

Forests in Eastern Ghats Mountain Range in India are formed with the mountains and the stones of charnockites, granite gneiss, khondalites, metamorphic gneisses and quartzite rock formations.

Forests in Western Ghats Mountain Range in India

Forests in Western Ghats Mountain Range in India are divided into four main eco space categories. These forests are now the tourist attractions.

Northeast India-Myanmar Pine Forests

Northeast India-Myanmar Pine forests are located in the northeastern part of India and in the adjacent portions of Burma (Myanmar). The forests form an ecoregion of 9700 square kilometres.

Sundarbans Freshwater Swamp Forests in India

Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests is considered to be one of the most endangered and endemic ecoregions in India, as it is nearly extinct, at present.

South Western Ghats Montane Rain Forests in India

South Western Ghats montane rain forests are an ecoregion of southern India. The forests are situated at elevations over 1000 meters and are cooler and wetter than the lower-elevation forests.

South Western Ghats Moist Deciduous Forests in India

South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests in India have one of the richest and most diverse ecosystems of the bioregi. The forests are located between 250 and 1000 meters of elevation.

Himalayan Subtropical Broadleaf Forests in India

Several forest types are included in the Himalayan Subtropical Broadleaf Forests ecoregion in India. These forests are composed of alluvium deposited over the ages by the rivers.

Western Himalayan Sub-Alpine Conifer Forests

Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests are temperate coniferous forest eco-region of the middle and upper elevations of the western Middle Himalayas.

Western Himalayan Broadleaf Forests

Western Himalayan broadleaf forests are characterised by the broad leaves in herbs and shrubs. This forest is found in the temperate region of Western Himalayas covering Nepal, India and Pakistan.

Brahmaputra Valley Semi-Evergreen Rain Forests in India

Brahmaputra Valley Semi-Evergreen Rain Forests are an integral part of India`s ecosystem. These forests were historically considered as some of the most productive areas in India.
 

Indian Temperate Coniferous Forests

Indian temperate coniferous forests are an integral part of the natural vegetation in India. These forests are a planetary major biotic community that is characterized by the dominant forms of plant life.

Indian Tidal or Mangrove Forests

Indian Tidal or Mangrove Forests are hotbeds of biodiversity, and India is home to the largest and the second largest in the world. They consist of numerous species of aquatic and wild life.

Monsoon Forests

Monsoon forest, also called dry forest or tropical deciduous forest, open woodland in tropical areas that have a long dry season followed by a season of heavy rainfall.

Indian Tropical Rain Forests

Tropical Rain Forests are found in areas with a regular and no more than two months of low rainfall. It consists of canopy of trees which is completely closed preventing sunlight.