Geography of West Garo Hills District is mostly hilly with plains fringing the northern, western and the south-western borders. Tura Range is one of the most important mountain ranges in the West Garo Hills District. The Tura range is about 50 kms long and extends in the east-west direction from Tura to Siju in the South Garo Hills district. The mountain peaks that are located in this range are Tura Peak, Nokrek Peak, Meminram Peak, Nengminjok Peak and Chitmang Peak. The highest peak of this range is the Nokrek (1412 metres) around 13 kms south-east of Tura. To the west of Tura range, low hill ranges run from north to south, and to the north of the Tura range, hill ranges run parallel to it, gradually increasing in height till they meet in the south. These ranges are rich in diverse species of flora and fauna.

The climate of West Garo Hills District is largely controlled by South-West monsoon and seasonal winds. West Garo Hills District being relatively lower in altitude experiences a fairly high temperature for most part of the year. The average rainfall is 330 cm of which more than two-thirds occur during the monsoon. Winter season is practically dry.

Geography of West Garo Hills District also includes several river systems. Tura range form watersheds in West Garo Hills District, from which the rivers flows towards Bangladesh plains in the south and the Brahmaputra valley in the north and in the west. The important rivers of the north group are Kalu, Ringgi and the Didak. The important rivers of the southern group are the Bhogai, Darrang etc. The Tura range is also the source of the Simsang (Someswari) River, one of the major rivers of Meghalaya. Someswari River is the largest and the second longest river in West Garo Hills District. The river is locally known as Simsang. It starts from Nokrek Mountains and runs towards the east, passing through Williamnagar, Nongalbibra, Siju, Rewak and lastly Baghmara. The upper course of this river is not navigable however the lower course has many deep pools and falls. They are Mirik, Matma, Jamiseng, Warisik, Bobra, Goka, etc. The chief tributaries are Chibok, Rongdik, Rompa and Ringdi rivers.

Geography of West Garo Hills District has mostly dense tropical mixed forests and a small patch of temperate forests in the higher parts of the Tura range. Several mineral resources are also found this district like Coal, Limestone, Phosphorus, Gypsum and Glass sand.