Geography of Ferozepur district is even. The total geographical area of Ferozepur District is 5303 sq kms. It is a plain area of alluvial formation sloping gently from the north east to the south west. The district is divided into three main belts running almost parallel to the course of river Sutlej. On south west side, the bet area called `Hittar` having dark gray clay intermixed with straits of sand. On the South East side, the Rohi and Mukhi Plains have light and sandy soil and brackish water in wells. The district has two types of soils, namely, alluvial soil (69 percent) and desert soil (31 percent).
Geography of Ferozepur District is characterized with a dry climate. It includes a very hot summer, a short rainy season and a healthy winter season. A seasonal year has four divisions. The cold season is from November to March, followed by the summer season which lasts up to the end of June. The period from July to mid-September constitutes the south-westerly monsoon season. The latter half of September and October may be termed as the post-monsoon or the transition period. From about the end of March, the temperature increases rapidly till June which is generally the hottest month and on individual days, the maximum temperature reaches up to 47 degree Celsius. However, with the onset of the monsoon by the end of June or early July, there is an appreciable drop in day temperature but the weather remains oppressive due to the increased moisture in July and August. By about the second week of September both day and night temperatures begin to fall, the drop in the night temperature being more than the day temperature. After October, both day and night temperatures decrease rapidly till January, which is the coldest month when the minimum temperature occasionally drops to about a degree of two below the freezing point of water.
Rainfall in Ferozepur District generally increases from the south-west towards the north east. About 70 percent of the annual rainfall in the district is received during the period from July to September, July and August being the rainiest months. Some rainfall occurs during the pre-monsoon months, mostly in the form of thunder showers. In the winter season, some rainfall occurs under the influence of westerly disturbances. However, the variation in the rainfall from year to year is huge.
