Chandogya Upanishad is one of the oldest Upanishads written on the Vedic Brahmana period about ninth to eighth century BC. Chandogya Upanishad is associated with Sama Veda. It is the part of Chandogya Brahaman that contains ten chapters. The 8th Khanda of Chapter Eight of Chandogya Upanishad states about the doctrine of the demons. Lord Indra and Virochana came to Prajapati to seek knowledge about the Self. Parajapati told them to look into a pan of water and relate what they saw. They told Prajapati that they saw their entire self even to the very hairs and nails. Parajapati then again asked them to adorn themselves with ornaments, best clothes and then look in a pan of water and relate what they saw. Indra and Virochana told him that they saw themselves well adorned and beautifully dressed. Prajapati explained to them that the Self is thus, immortal and fearless. It is the Brahman. Hearing this they both were satisfied and went away. Prajapati however, knew that they were departing without understanding and realizing the Self. Hence, if they follow the doctrine they would perish. Virochana, satisfied in heart and without realizing went to the demons and preached this doctrine. Thus, it is said that if one does not practise charity, has no faith and does not perform sacrifices is known a demon.
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