Chandogya Upanishad is one of the oldest Upanishads written on the Vedic Brahmana period about ninth to eighth century BC. Chandogya Upanishad is associated with Sama Veda. It is the part of Chandogya Brahaman that contains eight chapters. The 5th Khanda of Chapter One of Chandogya Upanishad states about meditation on the Om Mantra as the Sun and the Prana. That, which is Udgitha, is Pranava, and the Pranava is the Udgitha. The Aditya in truth is the Udgitha. It is the Pranava, for it moves resounding Om. Kaushitaki in olden times said to his son that he had sung the praise of the sun regarding it as one with its rays. Thus, one must meditate on the rays and the sun as different from each another and one will be blessed with many sons." This is the adoration of Om related to physical powers.
The Om mantra is now explained in reference to the body. One should meditate on the Udgitha as the principal Prana as it moves in the body uttering Om. Kaushitaki in olden times told his son that he sang in praise of the principal Prana alone. One must thus, meditate on the Udgitha as the manifold Prana and he would be blessed with many sons. The udgatri priest, who knows this, rectifies from the seat of the hotri priest.
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