Chandogya Upanishad is one of the oldest Upanishads written on the Vedic Brahmana period about ninth to eighth century B.C. Chandogya Upanishad is associated with Sama Veda. It is the part of Chandogya Brahaman that contains ten chapters. The 2nd Khanda of Second Chapter of Chandogya Upanishad states about the meditation on the fivefold Saman. According to it one must meditate on the fivefold Saman like the five worlds. Here the earth is the syllable Him, the fire is the Prastava fire, the sky is the Udgitha, the sun is the Pratihara and the heaven is the Nidhana heaven. This has been stated in the ascending order. Next, the heaven is the syllable Him, the sun the Prastava, the sky the Udgitha, the fire the Pratihara and the earth the Nidhana. These worlds both in the ascending and descending orders belong to the person who knows this as well as him meditates on the fivefold Saman as the worlds.
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