Amongst innumerable tribes who have thronged various places of eastern India, Banjara is significant. They are the typical nomads who wonder from one place to another thus leading a life in its own terms and condition. Thus their way of living is quite thrilling and full of adventures. What are equally colorful are their costumes. In fact, a Banjara women`s mode of dressing is regarded to be the most colorful as well as elaborate amongst all other tribal communities that are present at the moment in India. A woman of Banjara tribes is quite accustomed to the costume "ghaghra" and `choli` (a blouse). Ghagra is a whirling skirt made of red, black and white cotton, embellished with pieces of mirrored glass that are embroidered on it.
There is a band of material around the waist that strengthens a skirt or trousers and this too is fastened with traditional stitches. The odhni (mantle), which covers the head, is quite long enough thus draping down their `backs` almost going as long as its feet. She rarely takes off all her bone bangles and anklets. Their love of ornaments from time to time adopts quite absurd proportions and the jewels become an integral part of the body. The women decked up with beautiful silver anklets, which always `clink` as they go on barefoot. Long silver earrings are very common things to wear and also `patterned cowries` adorn the hairs plaits of a Banjara woman.
Artwork of Banjara tribes has got a great demand in the market of not only in various states of India and abroad as well. Quite a handful of materials including variety of materials like silver, brass, gold, cowries, ivory, animal bone and even plastic dιcor the wardrobes of any fashionable urbanites.
Culture of Banjara tribes is quite enriched. The main languages spoken are Urdu, Telegu. A local dislect namely, Kutni too is popular amongst a section of Banjara tribes.
The origin of the Banjara tribes is quite interesting. According to many anthropologists, The Banjaras came to the Deccan following the invasion by the armies of Aurangzeb. According to some authorities, the actual Banjara lineage goes back to some 2000 years. After setting down in Rajasthan, Banjaras began to travel down to the South in the 14th century. Few even claims about their link with Moghuls whom Banjara supplied stock of animals and food. Besides its close trading association with East India Company rulers and great Maratha Tipu Sultan are praiseworthy.
Festivals are part and parcel of Banjara tribal community. Apart from celebrating few popular festivals of India like Holi, Dusshera, they too fete some of their folk festivals in great enthusiasm and vigor. Ugadi is one such local festival, highly popular amongst the Banjara tribes. For these pious Banjara, religious festivals too are very popular. Family deities are revered to a great extent. They have considered Lord Venkateshwara of Tirupati as their family deity. Even most of the Banjara tribes used to save quite a lot of money so that they can go for pilgrimage to the temple of the Lord of the Seven Hills popularly known as Balaji. Since majority of Banjara tribes are Hindus, they diligently perform all the rites and rituals of the Hindus.
Just like any other Indian tribal community, it is only natural that dance, music are an integral part of their celebration during festivals and also during joyful functions like marriage, new year celebration etc. In the earlier period, these joyful fetes went for days together. However, these days the time period has been curtailed down to mere two or three days.
A Banjara marriage has been celebrated adding their social rituals in their own fervor. Liquor is dispersed freely on the first day of the wedding when the bridegroom and his relatives are welcomed at the `tanda` of the bride. The groom`s family is cordially being welcomed by offering betel leaves and nut. At the time of marriage also special customs and norms are being followed. Square silver ornament or bottu is tied round the neck of the bride. The boy and girl exchange seven round balls made of rice, ghee (clarified butter) and sugar. The couple then holds hands and does seven rounds of grain pounding with pestles.
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