The Boudh District of Orissa was formed by the division of the old Phulbani district on the 2nd of January 1994 by the ruling chief minister of Orissa, Biju Pattanaik.

The town of Boudh is the district headquarters of this Boudh District. There is ample controversy regarding the past history of Boudh. Nevertheless, the unearthing of marvelous Buddhist statues from Boudh lead some academicians to believe that the town was an important Buddhist center of the state of Orissa. The population of the entire district is 373,000 while the population of the Boudh Town is 15000. The town is precisely located by the sideof the river Mahanadi, the largest river of the state of Orissa. Agriculture is the main occupation of most of the people.