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Konda Kapus Tribe, Karnataka

Quite a handful of tribal communities have settled down in every corner of the state of Karnataka. Amongst them, the anthropologists have mentioned about the importance of the Konda Kapus tribal community. There are other states of Indian subcontinent where also these Konda Kapus tribes have also taken shelter in great numbers. These include Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu. Several people of India also like to identify themselves as Konda Doras tribes. Other tribal community like Bagata also style themselves as Konda Kapus whenever they communicate with non-tribal population. As per the provision of the Indian Constitution, these Konda Kapus tribes are considered to be one of the Scheduled tribes of the country.

Information about the origination of these Konda Kapus tribes of the anthropologists of the Indian subcontinent has been tracked down. According to them, Konda Kapus have claimed to have been descended from the famous Pandava kings and thus they identify themselves as Hindus. Till today, these Konda Kapus tribes revere the Pandavas and a deity called `Thalupulamma". Another story is also popular about the origin of these Konda Kapus tribal community. In the year 1909, according to the scholar Thurston , the Konda Kapus tribes belong to the caste who carry on the profession of hill cultivation and are mainly found in Visakhapatnam.

Housing settlements are also found in the region, thereby bearing the cultural exuberance of the society of these Konda Kapus tribes. These are sparingly dispersed in the whole area, each being surrounded by mountains and forests. Some of the Konda Kapus tribes also have built on the top of the mountains and also at hilltops.

Like many other tribal communities of the Indian subcontinent, the economy of the Konda Kapus tribes is agro- forest based. It is only natural that these Konda Kapus tribes too depend on settled cultivation, shifting cultivation , also known as Podu cultivation etc Also dependence on forest products for sustaining their living collection is quite frequent.

In fact over the years, these Konda Kapus tribes have developed tastes for some sumptuous food. Ambali or Gruel which has been prepared from ragi flour is the staple of the Konda Kapus tribal community. Maximum of these Konda Kapus tribes are fond of non-vegetarian meals with no liking for rice. Beefs are widely consumed. Edible fruits, roots and tubers in the forest are also become an inseparable thing of the meals of these Konda Kapus tribal community. Once in a while, these Konda Kapus take part in some special small hunting games in which they catch hold of numerous animals like `wild fowls, pigs, hares` and several birds for satisfy their own hunger. Oil is hardly ever used for medium for cooking. These Konda Kapus tribes also gather the seed leaf of the mango fruit in order to extract the gruel out of it only after thorough processing. Interestingly, these Konda Kapus tribes consume the gruel as food at times when there has been hardly any availability of food in the areas. Smoking cigar and also chewing tobacco are the addictions that these Konda Kapus tribes have adapted over the years.. Arrack (Sara), Sago palm toddy (Jeelugu Kallu), and rice beer (Maddi) are some of the alcoholic drinks that all the Konda Kapus tribes savor, irrespective of gender division.

Dresses and jewelries are also quite exquisite thereby becoming the style marks of these Konda Kapus tribal community. In fact clothes are simple and both the males and female members of the Konda Kapus tribal community have got sets of apparels. The aged males generally keep the upper body portion barren and also wrap their lower portion of their body with Pancha (Doti) or Gochi . In fact Gochi is a piece of line cloth round the waist. In general the Konda Kapus youths wear trouser and banian or shirt. Although the young Konda Kapus females wear saree and blouse. Unlike many of the tribes of India , these Konda Kapus tribes do not use gold jewelries . Mostly these Konda Kapus females use silver or copper ornaments. Exquisite necklaces that these Konda Kapus females wear are made with 25 paise and 50 paise coins.

Language, being the main medium of communication, most of these Konda Kapus tribes speaks the regional language `Telugu`. Apart from it, some tribal of the Konda Kapus community have developed their own dialects. The Konda Kapus tribes have developed their mother tongue, popularly known as Kubi or Konda Bhasha, which has a belonging to Gadaba group of the famous Dravidian language family.

Houses too have got thatched roofs. In current times also, due to the government initiatives, many of these Konda Kapus tribes have built the tiled houses. For cooking , this Konda Kapus tribal community makes use of clay pots and aluminum utensils. Just like any other tribal communities, these Konda Kapus tribes follow the same social structure ; thus clan, lineage and family are prevalent in the society of this Konda Kapus tribal community. Various clan division of the Konda Kapus tribal community are namely Naga, Surya, and Korra. Amongst these Konda Kapus tribes , certain surnames too are quite popular like Somula, Janni, Nandula, Boyina, Badmani, Jami , Deesara, Chittam, Tamala, Gammela, Pangi .

Maximum of these Konda Kapus tribal communities follow the rules of patriarchal society. Nuclear family system is quite prevalent. Marriage too is quite an important institution in the whole of the Konda Kapus tribal community. Monogamy is the most favored form of marriage . However there are instance of polygamous marriages are heard from here and there. Due to financial constrains, now a days, maximum of these Konda Kapus tribes have averted the practice of polygamy.

Only handful cases of the marriage by `elopement`, `capture`, and `service` are also in practice. Widow remarriage, levirate and sororate marriages are in practice among them. Only after taking permission from the head of the Konda Kapus tribes they can go for divorce. The marital bonds are very weak among the tribal people. Extra marital relations are prevalent among them.

Following the footsteps of most of the tribal communities of the state, these Konda Kapus tribes are widely oriented to religion and also superstitions. Hinduism and also Christianity are practiced by many of these Konda Kapus tribal society. Quite a handful of these Konda Kapus tribes revere natural forces. Guruva who belongs to the locality, is the religious headman and also acted as preset looking after several rites and rituals.

Festivals and fairs are incorporated within the culture and tradition of these Konda Kapus tribal community. Almost all the Konda Kapus tribes celebrate the Etikela Panduga. It is the most significant festival. Besides this Konda Kapus tribal community celebrates festivals of Hindus like Sankranti, Deepavali and Sivaratri. Modukondamma thirunallu is the significant fair, organized collectively at Paderu in every year during the month of May.

In order to administer the entire population and also to keep these Konda Kapus tribes under control, these Konda Kapus tribes follow the norms of the Konda Kapus tribal community. Each tribal village of the Konda Kapus tribal community has its own setup of conventional panchayat system under the leading head of a tribal head. The tenure of this tribal head Konda Kapus tribal community is done as per hereditary norms. In general he owns a huge areas of lands. All the important cases like divorce, adultery, elopement, thefts, family and property disputes centered around the village of this Konda Kapus community. These are being handled by the tribal council or head. The tribal head plays the role of `opinion leader` and representative of the local Kanda kapus village community.

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