Samavaya

According to Nyaya-Vaiseshika Samavaya is one of the basic types of reality. Samavaya is characterised by inseparability. Nyaya conceives a universe that consists of several objects and structuring factors. There has to be a sort of relation that combines such realities into complexes while preserving the differences between the types. It combines the constituents comprising particular objects. Two items are combined when one is inseparable from the other in a sense that the breaking of the connection requires destruction of one of the terms. It differs from samyoga where both terms survive separation.

Qualities and action inhere in substances. A quality is always a possession of something. At the first moment of its existence, the substance has neither any quality nor any action. Quality presumes substance but substance does not presuppose quality. Qualities and actions both exist in some substance that is supporting them. The category of inherence is only one. It is the relation between two inseparable facts. The parts of a whole object cannot be separated if it is still to remain the object that we know it to be. Samavaya is the quality inhering in something. Fire has a radiant form; this radiance cannot be separated from it. There is samavaya when a substance combines with quality and there is samavaya again when substance and actions combine. The quality and the actions cannot be separated from the substance.

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