Changlang District has been showered with the bounties of Nature. It is the eastern most part of India. The district is bounded with Myanmar (Burma). The morning Sun light first touches the Horizon of the eastern Mountain ranges of the district while the rest of the country is still napping in their cozy beds waiting for the emergence of the dawn of the day.

Geography of Changlang District
The district is located between 26 degrees and 40 minutes north and 27 degrees and 40 minutes north latitude. The longitudinal expanse of the district is between 95 degrees and 11 minutes to 97 degrees and 10 minutes east. The district is bounded by Lohit District in the north, Myanmar in the east and south, Assam lies to the west of Changlang District and Tirap District lies to the south-western part of it. Changlang District has an area of 4662 square kilometres.

Some of the famous Rivers of Changlang District are Noa-Dehing, Namchik and Tirap. Other Rivers are Namphuk, Dapha, Namphai, Tissu, Tarit, Tara, Tikeng, and Tiging. Most of the rivers after winding through the hills and valleys come down to the plains and join Buri-Dihing River. The Noa-Dihing River originates from Patkai Range, flows east to west through the entire north-eastern and northern stretch of the District. The Tirap rises from a high peak between Laju and Wakka and flows southwest to Northeast passing through the Changlang town and ultimately meet Buri-Dihing near Lekhapani in Assam. These rivers become turbulent during the monsoon and harm the agricultural fields to a large extent but at the same time increases the fertility of the soil by depositing silt along their courses.

Climate of Changlang District
The climate in the district also varies to a large extent due to its varying altitudes. The altitude of the region ranges between 200 meters to 4500 meters. The district experiences three types of climatic zones, namely hot and humid temperatures, moderate climate and a cold climate. Places like Miao, Kharsang, Jairampur, Bordumsa and Diyun, which are located at lower heights experience hot and humid climate in summer during June-August. In the hill areas the climate is moderate and pleasant. December to February months experiences a cold wave. January is the coldest month when the average maximum and minimum temperature is about 22.0 degree Celsius and 13.0 degree Celsius respectively. August is the hottest month during which temperature may occasionally exceed 30.2 degree Celsius. The average maximum temperature is about 26.96 degree Celsius and minimum 18.63 degree Celsius.

Rainfall of the region is also influenced by the varying heights of the district to a large extent. The annual rainfall ranges from 3800 mm to 4866 mm. The major rainfall is received during June to October.

Flora and Fauna of Changlang District
The Changlang District has very rich vegetation. Most of the plants are of tropical and sub-tropical wet evergreen and semi-ever green variety in the lower reaches, mixed deciduous forest in the middle and temperate forest in the hills. Some of the precious timbers of the area are Hollock (Terminalia myriocarpa), Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus), Mekai (Shorea assamica), Jutuli, Dhuna, Michelia Champaka, Oak, Betula and so on. One of the rarest and endangered Orchids, Blue Vanda found in Namdapha.

The wildlife of Changlang is widely varied. In the lap of nature a large variety of animals and birds get a scope to live a peaceful life in the region. The animals which are found in the district are Tiger, Clouded Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, Sambar, Malayan Sambar, Hog Deer, Wild Boar, Lesser Panda, and Slow Loris etc. The Hoolock Gibbon, the only ape in India is now found in the Namdapha National Park. Besides, there are a large number of arboreal animals, mainly 5 species of monkey and 6 species of squirrels including the giant flying squirrel.

The avian life of Changlang is a treat for the eyes of an onlooker. The most common bird is the great Indian Hornbill. Other interesting birds are Kaleej pheasant, Fragopan, forest Eagle, Monal pheasant, Peacock, Bulbul, Wood Pecker, Dove, Pigeon etc. White winged wood duck, a rare and endangered species is also occasionally seen in the Namdapha forests. During winter, migratory birds such as ducks, gees, teals, swallows, wagtails, finches and others also visits the rivers, streams and pools.

Demography of Changlang District
Changlang has a population of 1, 25, and 334. The density of population in the region is 27 persons per square kilometre. The male population of the district is equal to 65,759 and the female population is 59,575. The decadal growth of population in the district is 31.20 percent. The literacy rate is 51.98 percent and the ratio of females is to males is 905:1000.

The aboriginal inhabitants of Changlang District are the Tangsas, Singphos and Tutsas. The Tangsa tribe is comprise of a number of Sub-Tribes, namely Muklom, Havi, Longchang, Mossang, Jugli, Kimsing, Ronrang, Mungrey, Longphi, Longri, Ponthai, Sangwal, Tikhak, Yungkuk, Sakieng and Thamphang. They occupy the southeastern hills of the district along Indo-Myanmar border and Namchik basin.

The Singphos occupy the plain foothills area of northern part of the district under Miao, Bordumsa and Diyun circles. The Tutsas live in the western part of the district under Changlang and Khimiyong circles. Other tribes who have migrated to the district are Noctes (APST), Lisus (Yobin), and Deoris. The Tibetans, Chakmas and Hajongs came as refugees.

Society of Changlang District
Every tribe has its own traditional religious belief and practices. The Tangsas and Tutsas belief in existence of a supreme being called `Rangfrah`. Besides they also believe in a number of deities and spirits. However recently many of them have came under the influence of Christianity and Buddhism. The Singphos are Buddhist by religion but they have not given up their own traditional beliefs of their ancestors as they had adopted the Buddhism as their religion. The major festivals celebrated by the people of Changlang are Moh-Mol, Pongtu Kuh and Shapawng Yang Manou Poi.

The major economic activity of the people in Changlang is agriculture. Most of the people depend on agriculture for their subsistence. Some of the other allied activities which are taken up by the people in Changlang are government jobs, agricultural labourer, government contract works, casual workers under government departments, trade in local products etc.

In the present age the people of Changlang district has been able to come out age old traditional beliefs and slowly the trend of education is creeping into their life styles. Many of the tribal youths today are interested in getting educated and are getting involved more and more into various kinds of vocations.

Administration of Changlang District
The administrative setup is based on single line administration which aims to keep close co-operation amongst various developmental departments with the district administration and thus, to work together for the rapid development of the area.

The Changlang district has four Sub-Divisions. The Deputy Commissioner is the overall in-charge of the district and maintains law and order with the help of administrative officers and police forces. Moreover, the villagers have their own customary administrative systems in the form of traditional village councils consisting of the Gaon Buras and members.

Some of the tribes in Changlang like the Tangsas and Singphos have democratic form of social life. They do not have a kinship system and all their disputes are settled by the village Panchayats.

Tourism of Changlang District
Changlang District is known for its sprawling lush greenery overhauling beautiful hills and rivulets. There are some places, which are situated in beautiful locations. These places are very attractive for seasonal visitors. Some of the popular tourist destinations of Changlang District are Miao, Namdapha Tiger Reserve and Namdapha National Park, World War II Cemetry, Nampong and a lot more.

Finally it can be concluded saying that Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh is basically a beautiful district inhabited by the simple tribal population who have till today have kept intact the treasure of Mother Nature.