Terracotta Art in India has been flourishing since the times of Indus Valley Civilisation. The Terracotta Art is another form of clay art of the country that is generally brownish orange in colour. The colour is derived from dried up and baked clay and is also painted sometimes in similar fashion. Various excavations at Mohenjodaro and Harappa have unearthed several terracotta items in the form of different human and animal figures.
Terracotta figures also have a ritualistic aspect associated with it. This becomes evident from the fact that many terracotta figures of deities are used in a number of auspicious occasions. In fact terracotta art in India is considered mystical because it incorporates within the five vital elements like air, fire, earth, water and ether.
Terracotta art in States of India
In a number of states in India, the terracotta figures have a lot of prominence. For instance the impressive Ayanaar horse from Tamil Nadu represents the largest terracotta sculpture ever made and is constructed from coiling and beating. The same techniques are used for making vessels. Although votive terracotta is made by members of the Hindu potter caste, the customer is often a member of the Tribal community. The relief plaques depicting images of Tribal deities are made in Rajasthan and the varied styles of horses and tigers recorded in Gujarat are also made for Tribal clientele.
Madhya Pradesh is represented by the highly embellished elephants offered in forest shrines and also by women`s wall decoration. This involves using clay pigments and decorating techniques similar to pottery creation and modelling processes. In West Bengal the snake goddess Manasa is worshipped through a terracotta tree shrine constructed from multiple thrown and modelled parts. Another major form of terracotta in West Bengal finds its artistic channel in the horses. They are famous almost all over the country for their handsome looks.
In Gujarat and Rajasthan terracotta panels and storage jars painted in white are famous. In Odisha and Madhya Pradesh the roof tops with profuse terracotta works are also a part of the terracotta art. Besides, the terracotta pottery of Madhya Pradesh is well known for their artistic excellence.
Different forms of Terracotta art
Over the years, Terracotta art has flourished from mere decorative items to home utility products as well like lamps, utensils, bricks, tiles, etc. The art is known for its aesthetic appeal and eco-friendly nature. Humans have discovered the solution to cure mother earth by resorting to Terracotta art for basic necessity as well as decorative items.
Terracotta Jewellery
Terracotta Jewellery also is an important component of terracotta art in India. In the present age, terracotta jewellery has gained a lot of prominence even among the urban population of the country. From necklaces to earrings, rings and even bracelets are made of Terracotta in intricate designs and sometimes in vibrant colours.
Terracotta Pottery
This is perhaps the most commonly used product of Terracotta art. Besides increasing the aesthetic appeal of the garden or home, Terracotta pots and planters are also a healthy means to promote greenery around.
Terracotta Crockery
Terracotta art has expanded its genre to plates, cups, trays, spoons, teapots, and even bowls. These non-toxic items are safe for consuming foods and are also heat resistant and oven safe. Terracotta crockery also enhances the aesthetic appeal of the kitchen.
Terracotta Tiles
Solid Terracotta tiles are used as flooring is eco-friendly homes. They come with intricate patterns on it. These non-toxic tiles make great interiors in modern homes.
Terracotta Decorative items
From chandeliers to lamps and horses, Terracotta art has shown its caliber in making the home décor even more appealing. Terracotta diyas are often seen during festivals in temples and homes. Besides that, Terracotta vases, statues, etc. are also is huge demand.
It can be said that India has been the home land of terracotta and today because of the versatility of the art it has cut across all kinds of barriers. The art has become a part of almost of every Indian household in various forms.
