The "Renaissance" signifying "rebirth" originated in Italy roughly between 14th & 17th century, was primarily a cultural uprising. But in India, "Renaissance" originates as a social reform movement, probably in the nineteenth century, when the British were the domineering body of the Indian politics.

The Renaissance in India appears as a reawakening of the latent society, quivering with the threats of orthodoxy, dowry and narrow casteism. Moreover alien colonialism at that time was an intense blight over India. Several social uprising and organizations were developed to liberate the society from the shackles of superstition. Literature composed during this period is the clear specimen of the socio -political ethos of the era.

Bengali Literature: Bengali Literature enthused with immense revolutionary zeal was instrumental for the reconstruction of the quiescent society of the time. It was the Bengali literature, which installed the very basis of literary & social development all over the country.

Hindi Literature: Hindi Literature of the time was the authentic replica of the splendid antique traditions with a touch of lenient & rhythmic prose.

South Indian Literature: Steeped in Renaissance tradition, South Indian Literature mainly underscores the human behavior & situation.

Urdu Literature: Urdu Literature was however shifted from stimulating any social reforms rather it showed propensity for the cultural revitalization.