The Chief of the Wancho tribe called Wangham is the supreme authority of the village. Each Wancho village has a chief. The institution of chieftainship has no information about its origin. It is however believed that like all other tribal societies the chieftainship among the Wanchos came into existence due to some external and internal circumstances of the society. Such institution is required for upholding the law and order of the community. The chief is vested with all the powers and authority of the village. The office of the Chief follows the hereditary system and thus the authority is passed down to the eldest son. The Wangham who next takes up the office of the chieftainship has to be the first male child of the Chief born of Wangsia wife. In case of unavailability of a male child as a successor a Wangham of an allied village is offered the office of the Chief.

In Wancho society great sanctity is attached to the office of the Chief. The ceremonial observance of the occasion of installation of a new chief is celebrated with much frivolity. The chief exercises law and regulation in the society and enjoys honour and respect from all. The chief also has some privileges, such as, he can command labour for cultivation and construction of houses. He acquires the biggest and best share of the plot in the jhum field and even the major share in hunting and fishing. He receives gifts from the villagers who also contribute to his granary as a sign of respect and acknowledgement of supremacy. The Chief also shoulders several responsibilities of the village and its residents. He looks after the welfare and security of the villagers and helps the whole community during times of crisis. All the powers and authorities are vested in him. All the central decisions are taken by him. He guides the political life of the villagers. The chief takes the leading decisions regarding disputes and decides cases, civil or criminal, within the village and even takes initiatives in developmental activities of the village. The Chief after consulting the village council can impose punishment on a person found guilty of any offence. In the old days final verdict about head-hunting was given by the Chief. The chief also plays the principle role in maintaining the unity of the village. The village council on the other hand enacts the role of corrective influence on the Chief and guide him along the right path. Presently this system of chieftainship is still practised among the Wancho tribes.