Nagarjuna draws out the philosophical implications of Shunya which is expressed in the early Mahayana Buddhist literature. Everything is empty. Nothing has an essential unchanging nature as the very notion is not feasible. There are no essences because that means indisputable nature and this type of nature cannot participate in a process of change. 'Emptiness' does not mean the 'interdependent origination' as the basic atomic factor is not dependently originated conditioned realities.

There are no real entities. Nothing can be self-created or self-existent; nothing is self-sufficient and independent of other things. Anything that arises in dependence of cause and conditions has no essential nature and is conceptually constructed. What is incompatible with the existence of essences is the analysis that causal relations are forms of conceptual construction. Insight into emptiness is a realisation that there is no complete conception of reality that is accessible to everyone. There is no ultimate reality and there lies no difference between nirvana and samsara. Accepting that there are no essences remove our need to invent and stick to ultimate truths.

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