![]() Persian Influence on Kashmiri Art The influence of Islamic art from the directions of north and south is responsible for the development of the many industries for which Kashmir is famous, e.g. shawl, carpet, Papier Mache, wood-carving, etc. Zain-ul-Abidin is mainly responsible for the introduction of these arts from Samarqand and Bukhara, which were the centres of Islamic civilization then. The Persian language and literature, first introduced into Kashmir by Zain-ul-Abidin, further enriched the cultural treasures of Kashmir resulting in a synthesis of the Hindu and Muslim civilizations. Kashmiris attained a great proficiency in the new language and literature and produced eminent poets and scholars like Ghani, Sarfi, Fani etc. In the development of Kashmiri painting, architecture, music and poetry, Muslims played a prominent part. The Hari Parbat fort and the bastion wall, the Jumma and Pathar Masjids, Pari Mahal and world-famous Mughal Gardens are living testimonies to the outstanding contribution of Islam to the art and thought of the Kashmiris. The various handicrafts produced in Kashmir, such as carpets, shawls, Papier Mache etc are known throughout the world for their grandeur and artistic work. The many beautiful crafts created here are in keeping with the grand old civilisation of the state, and the art has been perfected over centuries. The various designs and naqqashi work which is done on the handicraft items has a strong link to the ancient tradition. The varied cultural and ethnic composition of the population has enabled a great variety of arts and crafts, techniques and motifs to flourish in this land. ![]() Kashmiri shawls and carpets are a particular speciality of the state. The silk and woolen items have intricate designs on them as do the various wall hangings. The wall hangings with Naqqashi work are a particular favourite. The Jamavar work that is done by artisans on silk and woolen shawls is characteristic of the state of Kashmir. In the field of the performing arts too Kashmir shines brightly. From ancient times Kashmir has been the centre of art, literature and scholarship. In the field of the dramatic arts, the history goes back a long way. It began with the performance by Baands, who moved from house to house, entertaining people by dance and song, on good occasions. There were a number of such dramatic performances seen in the state, such as Raslila, Pather etc which developed down the ages. By and by many plays, skits, shadow plays and operas were written by Mr. D.N. Nadim, Akhtar Mohiudin Amin Kamil, and Roshan. ![]() Folksongs of Kashmir are as rich in content, theme and form as any other. Songs known in Kashmir as "Shaar" are compiled on any subject. These songs are the natural and original expression of the people's soul, its companion in joy and sorrow. All sorts of incidents provide inspiration for the rustic muse. There are dancing songs set for different seasons and occasions of the year and mystical brief verse. There are songs sung in chorus at harvest time, there are songs sung in winter around a bubbling Hukka and a boiling Samovar. There are many songs which make Kashmiris spend nights together in singing ballads, such as the marriage of Lord Shiva or Krishna Avatar. These folk songs have beauty, appeal, entertainment melody and richness. Thus, the art of Kashmir is an exciting mix of the traditions of Kashmir being followed down the ages as well as the incorporation of various other cultural that have been incorporated along the way. |
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