Home > Society > Tribes of India > Nisadas
Nisadas
Nisadas were a non-Aryan tribe. They were considered as aborigines and were generally settled in the central parts of India.

Share this Article:

ramayanaThe Nisadas are referred to for the first time in the later Samhitas and the Brahmanas. The word Nisada `seems to denote not so much a particular tribe, but to be the general term for the non-Aryan tribes who were not under Aryan control, as the Sudras were. The word Nisada means a Bhil or Bhilla, a tribe that still exists in the hills of Central India and the Vindhyan tracts. Historians have specified that the Nisadas were settled aborigines.

The law-giver, Manu, however has explained the origin of the Nisadas as `the offspring of a Brahmana father and a Sudra mother. In his chapter on Mixed Castes, Manu has said that the son of a Nisada by a Sudra female becomes a Pulkasa by caste, but the son of a Sudra by a Nisada female is declared to be a Kukkutaka. It has been said in history that the social duty enjoined on the Nisadas was to kill and provide fish for consumption of the people. According to the Pali texts as well, they were wild hunters and fishermen. That they were a tribe of rude culture or aboriginal stock and outside the Aryan organisation is also attested by the Ramayana story of Guha, king of the Nisadas who are described as a wild band.

During the period represented by epic and Pauranic traditions the Nisadas seem to have had their habitat among the mountains that form the boundary of Jhalwar and Khandesh in the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. This is proved by a reference in the Mahabharata to a Nisada rastra in the region of the Sarasvati and the Western Vindhyas, not very far from Pariyatra or Paripatra. The Mahabharata seems to connect the Nisadas with the Vatsas and Bhargas or Bhaggas.

The Nisadas seem also to have had a settlement in the east. The Brhatsamhita of Varahamihira seemed to have recognised a kingdom or `rastra` of the Nisadas in the south-east of the Madhyadesa. A Nisada kingdom whose capital was Sarnagaverapura has also been referred to in the Ramayana; and it is not improbable that this Nisada kingdom is identical with the one referred to in the Brihatsamhita.

Historical records state that Rudradaman has been credited with having conquered the Nisada country along with East and West Malwa, the ancient Mahismati region, t Surastra, Aparanta, Sindhu-Sauvira and others. Thus the Nisada country in the middle of the second century A.D. was under the suzerainty of the Western Kshatrapas.


Share this Article:

Related Articles

More Articles in Tribes of India


Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh form the major part of demography of the state. It is inhabited by almost 20 tribal groups. Some of the dominant tribes of the state are Adis, Apatanis, Aka, Miji, Singphos, Mishmis, Monpas, Nyishi and others.
Tribes of Uttar Pradesh
Tribes of Uttar Pradesh form an integral part and live with a distinct culture of their own.
Tribes of Manipur
Tribes of Manipur, who have largely migrated from nearby areas of Assam and Meghalaya, exhibit a unique socio-political complexion of the region.
Tribes of Mizoram
Tribes of Mizoram inhabit the major part of Mizoram. Tribes of Mizoram with their diverse festivity and heritage echo the true color of Mizoram.
Tribes of West Bengal
Tribes of West Bengal, with their unique culture, religion, costumes and tradition have enriched the culture and tradition of the state of West Bengal.
Tribes of Bihar
Though a large part of tribal population has come under the state of Jharkhand, Bihar still boosts of most socially advanced and culturally rich tribes.
Tribes of Odisha
Tribes of Odisha form a major portion of the total population of the state. Their unique culture and lifestyle have greatly contributed in the vibrancy and diversity of the state’s cultural heritage.
Tribes of Kerala
Tribes of Kerala inhabits in the forests and hilly regions of the state. There are more than 30 tribal communities in Kerala.
Tribes of Madhya Pradesh
Tribes of Madhya Pradesh represent the culture of their state. The Jhabua district has the highest density of tribal population.
Tribes of Himachal Pradesh
Tribes of Himachal Pradesh make their identity with their culture, costumes and tradition and religion they follow.
Tribes of Tripura
Tribes of Tripura are largely located in the mountainous areas of Tripura who represent themselves through their culture and traditions. These tribes vary from region to region.
Tribes of Rajasthan
Tribes of Rajasthan are said to be the original inhabitants of Rajasthan. They comprises of about 12 percent of the total population of the state.
Tribes of Meghalaya
Tribes of Meghalaya mainly include the tribal groups of Garo, Khasi and Jaintias as well as certain other small tribal groups.
Tribes of Maharashtra
Various kinds of tribal groups of Maharashtra with their culture, costume, tradition echoes the colour of the state.
Tribes of Andhra Pradesh
Tribes of Andhra Pradesh have enriched the ethnicity of the state with their typical tribal culture and tradition.
Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir have established themselves with the outstanding level of masterwork and diversification.
Tribes of Karnataka
Tribes of Karnataka flaunt ample exquisite clothes, festivals, festivities, dance and theatres in their lives.