Geography of Nuapada District is fringed by rugged hill ranges that are stretching southward. The hill ranges forming its topography belong to the main line of the Eastern Ghats and contain extensive plateaus of near about 4000 feet in elevation with long tropical grass grown over them. They contain huge mineral deposits of laterite, graphite and bauxite. The hill sides rising up abruptly from the plains are covered with dense sal forests.
Geography of Nuapada District comprises a large forest area. According to their composition, the forests can be classified into sal forests, teak forests, miscellaneous forests where sal, teak and other species occur in mixture and bamboo forests. All these are situated in the dry deciduous forest zone of Nuapada District. Timber is by far the major forest produce and sal is no doubt, a major constituent of these products. Other important species are bija, asan, bandhan and teak. Among the minor forest produces of this district of Orissa are kendu leaf, bamboo, broom-grass, mohua flower and seed, antia bark and sabai-grass. Timber, bamboo and kendu leaf are exported in large quantities.
The geography of Nuapada District is also characterized by several rivers, canals and waterways. Jonk River is the principal river of the district. Silda, Sundar, Khohjharia, Indra and Udanti are the hill streams found in the district. These are perennial in nature and reduced to tiny streams in their lower reaches; particularly in the months between February and June.
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