Geography of Kanker District spreads over a vast area dotted with different types of hills. These hills are ancient and can be divided in three main groups. These are Vindhyana Hill Groups, Archian Hill Groups and Dharwar Hill Groups. Vindhyana Hill Groups are spread in the south eastern part of Kanker District. Archian Hill Groups cover around 95 per cent area of Kanker District. Granite is vastly spread over almost the total geographical area of the district. Dharwar Hill Groups are considered as rough. These hills are spread over the north of Bhanupratappur. Land structure of Kanker District is not the same everywhere, it is mostly hilly.

Geography of Kanker District includes around 80 per cent plane surface that can be divided in two parts - Mahanadi plane and Kotri plane. North eastern part of Kanker District comes under Mahanadi plane. The altitude of this plane is less than 500 meters. The main river of this area is Mahanadi River. Hatkul, Chinar, Doodh, Sendoor, Nakti and Doori are the other rivers of the area. Kotri plane comes under Bhanupratappur area. Kotri River is the main river of this area. The height of this plane is less than 400 meters.

Amongst the natural resources plants have greater importance. In Kanker District, mainly Saul, Teak and mixed forests are found. Saul forests are found in the eastern part of the district, Teak forests are found in the Bhanupratappur region and mixed forests are found almost throughout the region. The forest resources are also rich in several medicinal plants.

Mainly red soil is found in this district of Chhattisgarh. In the higher region faint color soil are found and smooth and fertile soil is found in river valleys. Soils of this district can be divided into four sections.

Kanhar: This type of soil is black in color and oily. The power of water absorption in this soil is greater and this is very useful in growing of Kharif and Rabi crops in the region.

Dorsa: This type of soil is medium in nature and it is very much similar of Matasi and Kanhar type soil. This type of soil is found in north east Kanker and Bhanupratappur region.

Matasi: This type of soil is found at higher land surface than Kanhar and less than Bhata. This soil is appropriate for cultivation of rice. This type of soil is found in the maximum area of Kanker region.

Bhata: Bhata soil is appropriate for crops like Kodo, Kulthi, Maize, Bhadia and Kutki.

Development of agriculture, industries, transport and communication depends on the status of mineral resources of the region. Kanker District is poor in minerals resources. Iron Ore quartzite and garnet mines are found in the region.