Different types of gemstones have been recognized and identified which have been divided into several categories as well in India. Shimmering hues and an iridescent sparkle make gemstone stand out. Basically gemstones are classified on the basis of their clarity and also on characteristics like optical nature, chemical composition, crystal structure, specific gravity and durability. Although there are more than 30 popular varieties of gemstones yet all the gemstones can be differentiated in two distinct groups of precious and semi-precious stones.

Precious Gemstones
The highly prized of all such gemstones are diamonds that are varying in colour and sizes. Emeralds, ruby, and sapphires are other popular precious stones that are used for different purposes. Like for instance, they are used in jewellery, and are comparatively less costly than stones like topaz and zircon.

Semi-Precious Types of Gemstones
Some names of the semiprecious stones include amethyst, garnet, opal, aquamarine, jade, turquoise, agate, onyx, lapis lazuli and malachite. In the same way some of the stones of organic origin can be mentioned as amber. This is mainly a fossil tree resin and also a highly valued stone. Pearls and corals are considered as useful gemstones, although they have animal origin rather than mineral.

Around 2,000 known natural minerals are available, out of which only less than 100 are used as gemstones. Interestingly, only 16 of them are considered popular. Some of these are beryl, jade, opal, topaz, diamond, garnet, quartz, tourmaline, etc. Some other names of gemstones include alexandrite, aventurine, bloodstone, chrysoprase, coral, jasper, kunzite, moissanite, moonstone, obsidian, pearl, peridot, rose quartz, tanzanite, and tiger eye. Gemstones for different planets are also different.

Appeal of Various Types of Gemstones
Different types of gemstones have long been used for jewellery. They have attracted human beings, especially the womenfolk, in great manner. Gemstones are beautiful and elegant. The beauty may lie in colour or lack of colour as well. When the colour is absent, extreme limpidity and fire may provide the attraction. Colour of gemstones can also be enhanced artificially. These are known as treated gemstones.

Chrysoberyl and Corundum are also some of the most significant gemstones available in the market. Corundum is the 2nd hardest gemstone in the globe. Lalrhi, Gomed, Romni, Ludhya, Neeli, Tursava, Ahwa, Sindooria, Tursava, Alaimani, Suleimani, Godanta etc are some of the other well known gemstones.

In present age, different kinds of synthetic gems, including rubies, sapphires, and emeralds have been produced. In addition to their use in jewellery, gemstones were regarded by many civilisations as miraculous and endowed with mysterious powers as well.