India with its diverse population and ethnic groups renders it extremely difficult for detailing the Demography of India. There are four major families of languages -Indo European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto -Burman languages. India occupies only 2.4% of the world`s land area with 16% of the population. According to the 2001 census report, 72.22% of the people live in the villages. The birth rate per thousand individuals is 22.69 and the death rate per thousand individual is 6.58. The literacy rate is 79.9% according to 2007 data and the unemployment rate is 7.8%.

There are 216 languages in India and of this 27 languages are recognized as offical languages. Majority of the population speak Hindi and 40% of the Hindus speak Hindi and 70% of the Muslims speak Urdu. It has been recorded that only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic , cultural and genetic diversity of India.

Hindus consist of 77.5% of the population and has the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia. India also contains the majority of the world`s Zoroastrians, Sikhs and Jains.