Barbigha is a city as well as a notified area in the Sheikhpura district in the state of Bihar in India. The state of Bihar has in all thirty-seven districts. One of them is the Sheikhpura district. The administrative headquarters of this district are located in the town of Sheikhpura. The district is included under the Munger Division. It covers a total area of 689 Square kms. The total population of the district is 525187. Out of these, 440606 of the people live in the rural areas and 87561 in the urban areas. The literacy percentage is 49.01%. Males and females respectively make up 62.56 % and 34.13% of the population. The blocks in the district are Ariari, Barbigha, Ghatkusumba, Sheikpura, Chebara and Shekhopur Sarai. There are 19 police stations and 54 panchayets in the district. The crops cultivated in the district are paddy, wheat and lentils. The main rivers flowing through the region are the Ganges, the Mohane, the Harohar and the Kiul River.

As per the 2001 India census, Barbigha has a population of 38,258. Males comprise 53% of the population and females make up 47%. Barbigha has a mean literacy rate of 52%, lower than the nationwide standard of 59.5%. 63% of the males and 37% of the females are literate. 19% of the population constitutes children beneath the age of six years.