Conservation of Indian wildlife is required for protecting the endangered species of the country. Conservation of Indian wildlife is also considered as a significant step for promoting wildlife awareness among people. The Government of India has started several natural projects as well as programmes for conservation of Indian wildlife. Some of the prominent conservation projects started by the government are Project Tiger, Jungle Lodges and Nature Camps. These projects are helpful in preserving the natural heritage. At the same time, the conservation projects also encourage eco-tourism.

Significance of Conservation of Indian Wildlife
It is believed that the endangered wild creatures are nature`s gifts that help adorn the natural beauty with their distinctive ways of existence. Today, the increasing deforestation as well as negligence has posed a threat to the existence of Indian wildlife. Thus, the conservation projects of Indian have been carried out in order to preserve the rich natural heritage. Project Tiger is one of the most successful efforts of the government undertaken for protecting and preserving the Tiger population. Further, Kaziranga Natoional Park in Assam is a leading example of the effort to save the rare Rhinoceros species; Periyar in Kerala is another effort for preserving the wild Elephants and Dachigam National Park is doing works for saving Hangul or Kashmiri Stag.

Conservancy and conservation were terms first used to describe a set of forestry practices. Over time, and with the rarity of key game birds and animals, they acquired a wider meaning. Several Forest Rules were formulated in many provinces in an attempt of conservation of wildlife. Further, plans are in progress for developing wireless communication systems for curbing problem of poaching. Other conservation measures include control of cattle grazing in tiger reserves and researching data regarding environmental changes, etc. Moreover, there are various NGOs in different states that are working on the conservation of Indian wildlife.

In the past, one of the first steps towards the conservation of wildlife in India was certainly the declaration of several species as completely off the list of hunting. It was a small but a significant step. But an awareness of the plight of extinct creatures like the quagga in South Africa and the decline of the bison in North America did have some effect. Many Reserved Forests sheltered an array of wild animals and birds. But small and significant steps were taken to protect certain species that looked certain to vanish. Thus, protecting vanishing wildlife became one of the marks of civilised conduct. Within British India, the issue of extinction and survival of rare wildlife was closely linked to that of forest laws. One of the first species to benefit was the great Indian one-horned rhinoceros. In 1908, a large tract of grassland along the banks of the Brahmaputra River in Assam was set aside as a rhino preserve. Such protection in its wet grassland home was far more effective than the efforts to regulate or ban the trade in rhino horn that continued until the end of the colonial era.