Due to the situation, `Sawai` Madhavrao Peshwa came to the throne of Maharashtra at a very early age. Raghunath Rao was announced the next Peshwa, although he was not heir to the title. At that time, the widow of Narayan Rao gave birth to a son named Sawai Madhav Rao and he was chosen legally the next Peshwa. Though Raghunath Rao tried to maintain his kingdom by signing treaties with the English, and relied on them for manpower in exchange for money and territory, he did not succeed in his plans.

When Raghoba was terminated from power by a clever plot by the 12 Maratha sardar`s "Barambhainche karasthaan" including Nana, Holkar, Phadke, Shinde and others, Sawai Madhav Rao was announced the next Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. Sawai Madhav Rao was then just one year old and due to this reason, Nana Phadnis became the main administrator with Phadke, Shinde, Holkar involved in the Military duties. They handled the Peshwai with great till the premature death of Sawai Madhaorao in 1795. The rising British Power was defeated by them in 1784, near Pune and their advancements were temporarily halted.

However, the premature death of Sawai Madhav Rao brought the Peshwa Dynasty under the rule of `Second` Bajirao Peshwa in the year 1795. The demise of Sawai Madhav Rao caused the downfall of Peshwai in a short time. According to the legend, it has been said that the death of Sawai Madhav Rao was a suicide and he jumped down from the high walls of the Shaniwar Wada in Pune.

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