There have been enormous improvements in the medical treatment of allergies with the passing decades. Regarding anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects and in allergic skin diseases, analysis have included the identification of food proteins to which IgE binding is associated with severe reactions and development of low-allergen foods, improvements in skin prick test predictions; evaluation of the atopy patch test; in wasp sting outcomes predictions and a rapidly disintegrating epinephrine tablet, and anti-IL-5 for eosinophilic diseases.

Traditionally treatment and management of allergies involved simply avoiding the allergen in question or otherwise reducing exposure. For instance, people with cat allergies were encouraged to avoid them. While avoidance may help to reduce symptoms and avoid life-threatening anaphylaxis, it is difficult to achieve for those with pollen or similar air-borne allergies. Strict avoidance still has a role in management though, and is often used in controlling food allergies.

Several antagonistic drugs are often used to check the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and degranulation processes. These drugs include antihistamines, cortisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, epinephrine (adrenaline), theophylline and cromolyn sodium. Anti-leukotrienes, such as Montelukast (Singulair) or Zafirlukast (Accolate), are FDA approved for treatment of allergic diseases. Anti-cholinergics, decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, and other compounds thought to impair eosinophil chemotaxis, are also commonly used. These drugs help to lessen the symptoms of allergy, and are crucial in the recovery of acute anaphylaxis, but play little task in chronic treatment of allergic disorders.

Desensitization or hyposensitization is a treatment in which the patient is slowly vaccinated with increasingly larger doses of the allergen required. This can either condense the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether. It relies on the progressive straightening of IgG antibody production, to block excessive IgE production seen in atopys. In a sense, the person builds up immunity to increasing amounts of the allergen in question. Studies have assured the long-term effectiveness and the preventive effect of immunotherapy in reducing the development of allergy. Meta-analyses have also confirmed efficacy of the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children and in asthma.

A second form of immunotherapy involves the intravenous injection of monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies. While this form of immunotherapy is very effective in treating several types of atopic allergies, it should not be used in treating the majority of people with food allergies.

A third type, Sublingual immunotherapy is an orally administered therapy, which takes advantage of oral immune tolerance to non-pathogenic antigens such as foods and resident bacteria. This therapy currently accounts for 40 percent of allergy treatment in Europe. This therapy requires a long-term commitment.

An experimental treatment, enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), was tried for decades but is not normally accepted as effective. EPD uses diluted allergen and an enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, to which T-regulatory lymphocytes are supposed to respond by favouring desensitisation, or down-regulation, rather than only sensitization. EPD has also been tried as the treatment of allergies and autoimmune diseases. In alternative medicine, its practitioners, particularly naturopathic, herbal medicine, homeopathy, traditional Chinese medicine and applied kinesiology, describe a number of allergy treatments.

Many diseases related to inflammation such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic diseases; hay fever and asthma have increased in India over the past 2-3 decades. Rapid improvement in treatment in allergic asthma and other atopic disorders in industrialised nations probably began in the 1960s and 1970s, with further improvement occurring during the 1980s and 1990s. The incidence of atopy in developing countries has generally remained much lower.

Genetic factors fundamentally administer inclination to atopic disease, increases in atopy have occurred within too short a time period to be explained by a genetic change in the population, thus relating to environmental or lifestyle changes. Several hypotheses have been identified to explain this increased prevalence; increased exposure to perennial allergens due to housing changes and increasing time spent indoors, and changes in cleanliness or hygiene that have resulted in the decreased activation of a common immune control mechanism. The hygiene hypothesis maintains that high living standards and hygienic conditions that exposes children to fewer infections. It is thought that reduced bacterial and viral infections early in life direct the maturing immune system away from TH1 type responses and leads to unrestrained TH2 responses that allow for an increase in allergy.

People with multiple allergies have to go through critical treatment procedure. Usually injections are the primary need, very fine needles are used for the injections, and the needle only goes just below the skin`s surface. While the needle rarely causes discomfort, the solution being injected can be irritating and cause itchiness or a stronger reaction. An allergist may prescribe immunotherapy for children in the pediatrician`s office. In these cases, the office personnel should have CPR training and be equipped to handle rare, severe reactions. Treatment of allergies is very important and even more is their proper diagnosis for the appropriate treatment.