The eastern Indian state of Orissa is home to a number of endangered, critically endangered, threatened or endemic flora and fauna species. The state has a rich variety of wildlife and it provides habitat to all aspects of Indian wildlife like the reptiles, plants, mammals or birds. The Orissa eco parks are situated in the major places of the state and have already earned recognition and reputation throughout the country. Their main objective is to preserve the rich diversity of flora and fauna in the state and also to increase the population of the endangered species.

The naturalists and environmentalists of Orissa felt the need of establishing eco parks for preserving the wildlife, several years ago. They have also played a major role in founding a large number of eco parks in Orissa, so far. The Orissa eco parks are mainly being run and managed by both the private and government organisations. Some of the important and notable eco parks in Orissa include the Badarma Sanctuary, the Balukhand Sanctuary, the Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary, the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, the Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, the Nandankanan Zoo, etc. While most of the eco parks are concentrated on preserving all the aspects of Indian wildlife, there are a few that are engaged in preserving certain species like Tiger, Turtle, Birds, Elephants, etc.

The natural vegetation in the Orissa eco parks is quite rich with several plant species that have both medicinal and commercial values. The eco parks are also home to a large number of mammal species including the Tiger, Elephants, Asiatic Lion, Lion Tailed Macaque, Nilgiri Langur, Indian Pangolin, Mouse Deer, etc. Several species among these are considered as endangered, critically endangered, threatened or endemic species. The Orissa eco parks provide natural habitat to a large number of reptile species, as well. The main reptile species include the Crocodiles, Turtles, Tortoise, Snakes, etc.

The number of bird species found in the Orissa eco parks is also quite rich. The parks provide habitats to both kinds of resident and migratory bird species. Some of the most important and notable bird species found in the Orissa eco parks include the King Fisher, Open billed Storks, Sea Eagles, Kites, Sand Pipers, Darters, Whistling Teals, Sea Gulls, etc. There are a few species among these have been declared as endangered, critically endangered or threatened species. The Orissa eco parks are also playing an important role in the tourism sector of the state by attracting a large number of tourists, every year. The nature lovers like to come and visit these eco parks for spending a peaceful time at the lap of nature.