The Lodhi Dynasty ruled from 1451 to 1526. It was the first and last Afghan dynasty to rule in South Asia but definitely with exemption of Sher Shah Suri, who was the last Afghan ruler. The founder of Lodhi dynasty Buhulul Lodhi was the governor of Punjab. This warrior ascended the throne of Delhi Sultanate. He took the title of Sultan Abul Muzzaffar Buhlul Shah Ghazi. There a number of attempts took place to destabilize the newly established rule. He gave `Jagirs` to the Afghan nobles in order to win their cooperation. He brought Mewar, Sambal and Gwalior under his rule. However he managed to secure the foundation of Lodhi Dynasty.

Buhlul nominated his son Nizam Khan as his successor. He took the title Sikandar Shah. He proved himself to be the most capable ruler of the Lodhi Dynasty. He also brought many noble Afghans under his control. He encouraged trade and education across his provinces. He established a strong administration and also managed to crush the revolts. He was the founder of the city called Agra.

After Sikander Shah the war of succession broke out between his two sons Ibrahim Lodhi and Jalal Khan. It resulted in the downfall of the rule of Lodhi`s. Ibrahim Lodhi succeeded his father and was the last Sultan of the Lodhi dynasty. He took the throne in 1517. His relation with the Afghan nobles became worse as they never supported him. He became very strict and disrespectful to them. Shish Gumbad was built during the Lodhi period.

Ibrahim retook Gwalior and threatened Rana Sanga as he wanted to expand the Sultanate into the desert regions. Rana Sanga united the rajput chiefs. This alliance with the dissatisfied nobles of the Delhi Sultanate invited the Mughal ruler Zahiruddin Babur to overthrow the Lodhi dynasty. The Mughal Ruler Babur attacked India in 1526 and Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated in the first battle of Panipat near Delhi. This resulted in end of Lodhi Dynasty. This battle is marked as the beginning of the Mughal Empire and also brought an end to the 320 years rule of the Sultans in Delhi.