The departments of Indian Government carry on their duties under the supervision of several ministries. The Central Ministry is part of the Executive branch of the Indian Government. India partly follows a federal form of government. Hence the Indian government departments are divided into Central government departments and State Government department. As far as the Central Ministry is concerned these work independently but certain departments of the State governments work under the supervision of the Central Government.

Departments of Agriculture, Home Affairs, Commerce and Industry, External Affairs, Corporate Affairs, Defence, Information and Broadcasting, Civil Aviation, Human Resource Development, Railways, Environment & Forests, Finance and Company Affairs, Health & Family Welfare, Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Petroleum & Natural Gas, Power, Labour, Tourism, Women and Child Development, Youth Affairs and Sports and several others constitute the Indian Government Departments. These divisions have been made so that work for public welfare can be carried on easily. These categories are further divided into Indian government departments. For instance, the Department of Home Affiars is further classified into Department of Official Language, Directorate, General of Civil Defence, National Crime Records Bureau and Special Services Bureau.

India faces elections at an interval of five years and with it the ministers presiding over the Indian Government Departments may alter. However, the bureaucrats and other officials working in these departments remain unaltered. Most of these government officials are appointed through competitive exams that are held throughout India. IAS, IPS, IFS, UPSC and other exams are held annually across the nation. Managed by an efficient and erudite lot the Indian Government Departments function collectively as a government machinery to provide proper facilities for the citizens.