Jyoti Basu was born on July 8, 1914 and is a Communist politician from West Bengal, India. Belonging to the Communist Party of India, Jyoti Basu has been the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1977 to 2000. He was India`s longest-serving Chief Minister and a member of the CPI(M) Polit Bureau ever since the party`s foundation in 1964 until 2008.

Jyoti Basu was born into an upper middle-class Bengali family in Kolkata. His father Nishikanta Basu was a doctor and his hometown was the village of Barodi in Dhaka District, East Bengal (now in Bangladesh). He got his school education at St. Xavier`s Collegiate School. He completed his graduation from Presidency College with an honors degree from the Arts Faculty in 1935. Later he traveled to the United Kingdom to study law. He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain through Bhupesh Gupta. After qualifying for the Bar, he became a whole-timer of the Communist Party of India and finally returned to India in 1940. In 1944 Basu started to take interest in trade union activities. CPI appointed him to work with the railway laborers. When B.N. Railway Workers Union and B.D. Rail Road Workers Union combined, Basu was appointed as the general secretary of the union.

Jyoti Basu was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1946 after contesting in the Railway constituency. When the Communist Party of India divided in 1964, Jyoti Basu became one of the first nine members of the Polit Bureau. This bureau belonged to the newly formed Communist Party of India (Marxist). In 1967 and 1969, Jyoti Basu became Deputy Chief Minister of West Bengal in the United Front governments.

Jyoti Basu served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal for the Left Front government between June 21, 1977 and November 6, 2000. In 1996 Jyoti Basu was sure to be the consensus leader of the United Front for the position of Prime Minister of India. However, the CPI(M) politburo took a decision not to participate in the government. H.D. Deve Gowda from the Janata Dal instead became Prime Minister.

Jyoti Basu resigned from the Chief Ministership of West Bengal in 2000 due to health reasons and was succeeded by his fellow CPI(M) politician Buddhadeb Bhattacharya. Till date, Jyoti Basu holds the record for the longest-serving Chief Minister in Indian political history. The 18th congress of CPI(M), held in Delhi in 2005 again elected Basu to its Polit Bureau, although he was allowed to retire from it. General Secretary Prakash Karat said that the party expected him to continue until its 2008 congress, at which point they would reconsider his retirement. At the 19th congress in early April 2008, Jyoti Basu was not integrated into the Polit Bureau, although he remained a member of the Central Committee and was elected as Special Invitee to the Politburo.