Mathematics was a unique arena, in which since prehistoric period India was much advanced of its times. With people like Aryabhata, Bhaskaracharya, Varahamihira and later people like Satyendranath Bose or Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, development in mathematics and calculation was never something unknown to Indian population. However, with some basic and routine problems, the field did not receive much advancement within the plebeian community. The British supremacy further contributed considerably to developments in mathematical grounds, sometimes with treatises.

On one such occasion, Henry Thomas Colebrooke (1765-1837) analysed and corrected the mathematical basis of the Hindu astronomers` assertions, regarding tie timing of equinoxes and movements of planets.

From 1783 onward, Reuben Burrow (1747-1792), as a member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, attempted the translation of numerous Hindu works of algebra and arithmetic. Emanating from this work was his paper entitled "A Proof that the Hindus had the Binomial Theory".

Developments in mathematics in the later stages were even more nourished, when Reverend John Henry Pratt (d.1871), Archdeacon of Calcutta and member of the Asiatic Society, produced The Mathematical Principles of Mechanical Philosophy (1836) and Scripture and Science not at Variance (1856). He also worked out his theory of isostatic compensation as applied to survey work.

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