The river Mahanandi marks the southern boundary of the Chhatisgarh district clearly. River Brahmani enters the district through Rengali reservoir passes through Talcher sub- division. Both these great rivers have too many tributaries, both large and small. Pallahara and Talcher Sub-Divisions and a major portion of Angul Sub-division form a part of Brahmani basin, which is also a part of Mahanadi river basin. The basin of Mahanadi is spread over Athamallik Sub-division and some regions of Angul Sub-division. There are some significant rivers in the Mahanadi River Basin some of them are as follows -

The Mahanadi River rises in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh and then flows in the eastward direction, cutting a ravine in the Eastern Ghat. Before joining the Bay of Bengal at False Point through several channels, the river enters the plains of Orissa near Cuttack and forms a delta. This delta is one of the largest mangrove forests in peninsular India, and also a rice producing area. The term `Mahanadi` means Great River and it is truly one of the largest rivers in southeast India and the sixth largest in India.

The Brahmani River originates in the vicinity of the Nagri village in the Dhenkanal district of Orissa at the confluence of the Sankh and the South Koel Rivers at an elevation of about 600 m. The river, with a total length of 480 km, winds around the south and southeast past Bonaigarh and Talcher and then turns towards the east to unite with the northern branches of the Mahanadi River.

Sankha river has its origin at the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand and joins with the Koel river at Panposh near Rourkela of Sundargarh District. The meeting place of Sankha and Koel is belived to be a holy place and visited by thousands pilgrims. River Brahmani enters into Angul District through the Rengali Reservoir.

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