The Central Zone of the Ranji Trophy, 1983-84 was comprised of 5 teams. The teams were the regular participants in the tournament and all of them were hailing from the Central region of India. The teams included the likes of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha and Railways and they played against each other in the zonal level league matches. All of them played with the same objective of becoming the topper in the zone and they were also vying for getting a chance in the knock out level of the tournament. However, only the teams like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan eventually qualified for the knock out level, after collecting total points of 70 and 49, respectively from the zonal level league matches.

The Rajasthan and Vidarbha teams clashed with each other in the first of the Central Zone league matches in the Ranji Trophy, 1983-84 and they played the match at Udaipur from 19-21 November 1983. The Vidarbha team played very well in the closely contested match and clinched a narrow victory of 3 wickets for earning 24 points from the match. The Rajasthan team also earned 6 points from the match. The second match of the zone saw the teams of Uttar Pradesh and Vidarbha playing against each other at Agra from 25-27 November, 1983. The Uttar Pradesh team dominated the Vidarbha team throughout the match and eventually beat Vidarbha with a very good margin of an innings and 21 runs. The Uttar Pradesh team earned 31 points and Vidarbha earned 11 points from the match, as well. The Railways and Madhya Pradesh teams clashed with each other in the third match of the zone and the match was held at Bhilai from 26-28 November, 1983. The match remained drawn during the stipulated duration of time and the match officials awarded the Railways and Madhya Pradesh teams 13 and 12 points for the match.

The Railways team appeared in the next match of the zone also and this time, it played against the Uttar Pradesh team at Delhi from 02-04 December 1983. The winner of the match was the Uttar Pradesh team with a margin of 7 wickets and the Uttar Pradesh and Railways teams earned 25 and 7 points, respectively for the match. The fifth of the Central Zone league matches in the Ranji Trophy, 1983-84 was played between the teams of Vidarbha and Madhya Pradesh. The match was held at Nagpur from 02-04 December 1983 and the drawn match saw the Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha teams earning 7 and 3 points, respectively from it. The Madhya Pradesh team then played against the Rajasthan team in the next match of the zone, which took place at Bhilwara from 09-11 December 1983. The Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh teams earned 9 and 8 points, respectively from the match, as it remained drawn during the specified period of time.

The match between the teams of Vidarbha and Railways was the seventh of the Central Zone league matches in the Ranji Trophy, 1983-84 and the teams played the match at Akola from 10-12 December 1983. The drawn match saw the Vidarbha team earning 13 points and Railways earning 11 points from it. The next match of the zone involved the teams like Rajasthan and Railways and the match was held at Gorakhpur from 16-18 December, 1983. The Rajasthan team earned 28 points from the match, by winning it with a good margin of 7 wickets. The Railways team earned 7 points from the match, as well. The teams of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh then met with each other in the next match of the zone, which took place at Rewa from 17-19 December, 1983. The Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh teams earned 8 and 3 points, respectively from the drawn match. The last of the Central Zone league matches in the Ranji Trophy, 1983-84 saw a clash between the teams of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan at Philbhit from 25-27 December, 1983. The match officials awarded both the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh teams 6 points, each for the drawn match.