Geographically Vidarbha lies on the northern part of Deccan Plateau and the Vidarbha River lies in this hilly terrain. There are no major hilly areas like the Western Ghats. The Satpura Range is the northern boundary of the region in Madhya Pradesh, while the Melghat area of Amaravati district lies in the southern region of Satpura ranges.

The topography of the river course is full of large basaltic rocks arrangement throughout caused by Deccan trap lava. Vidarbha River is known to deliver black "cotton" soil. Gondia district is the maximum benefactor of this river. This place is unique in Maharashtra because the entire area of the district is filed by metamorphic rock and alluvium. Lonar crater created by impact of meteorite or comet is present in the eastern district of Buldhana.

Other than Vidarbha River, other rivers that flow across this region are Wainganga, Wardha, Purna and Kanhan River, which are all tributaries of Godavari River. In north, 5 small rivers Khandu, Khapra, Sipna, Gadga and Dolar flow; these are the tributaries of Tapti River. Many small and large lakes lie in the Vidarbha.

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