 | Art & Culture • Health • Movies & Entertainment • Society • Reference • Sports • Travel | |
| ||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||
| Rashtrakuta Kings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dantidurga: Dantidurga (735 - 756) C.E. also known as Dantivarman or Dantidurga II was the originator of the Rashtrakuta realm. He founded his capital in the Gulbarga region of Karnataka. Krishna I, the uncle of Dantidurga, ascended him to the throne. The evidences allocated in the Ellora signify that the emperor combated the Chalukyas in 753, thereby attaining the designations of Parameshvara and Rajadhiraja. The writings entitle him as the son of Indra II. The writings uncovered in the Samangad (contemporary Kholapur district, Maharashtra) put forth that the emperor`s mother was a Chalukyan princess from Gujarat known as Bhavanaga. It also asserts that he vanquished the indomitable KarnataBala of the Badami Chalukyas as also the emperors of central India, Malwa, Kalinga, Lata (Gujarat), and Sheshas (Nagas) and executed several sacrifices. Although he subjugated the Chalukya kingdom, the Vakkaleri inscription of 757 cites that the Chalukya King Kirtivarman II preserved power over his southern provinces up to 757. His daughter was wedded to a Pallava King Nandivarman of Kanchi. The emperor is also said to have assisted Nandivarman to recuperate Kanchi by combating in opposition to the Chalukyas. Krishna I: Dantidurga`s uncle, Krishna I (756 - 774) C.E. undertook the authority of the budding Rashtrakuta empire in 757 by overpowering the last king of theChalukyas of Badami Kirtivarman II. The evidence to this has been cited from the copper plate grant of Gujarat Rashtrakuta King Karka from Baroda and King Govinda III of 807. identified as Kannara or Kannesvara, Krishna I also acquired the titles of Shubatunga, Akalavarsha, Shrivallabha and Prithvivallabha. Moreover, he also stood by the renowned Jain logician Akalanka Bhatta, the instigator of Rajavartika. Certain historians also believed that Krishna I seized the throne from his nephew Dantidurga, while others differ as the term "demise of Dantidurga" transpired in the Navasari and Kavi copper plates demonstrating that the emperor might have succeeded to the throne following the demise of Dantidurga. The king effectively combated the king Sripurusha of the Western Ganga Dynasty and thereby seized certain territory in Shilaharas of south Konkan and Gangavadi (Southern Karnataka). The emperor is also said to have skirmished King Vishnuvardhana IV of the Eastern Chalukya. The Alas writings of 770 also elucidate that the Kailasanatha Temple in Ellora was commissioned during the reign of Krishna II. 18 Shiva temples were erected during his reign. Lately unearthed 1800 coins of the king, are ascribed in the legend Parama Maheshvara, circumstancing his immense devotion to Lord Shiva. Govinda II: Krishna I ascended to the throne by Govinda II (774 780) C.E. The emperor is identified for his incursion of Vengi and the vanquish of Eastern Chalukya king Vishnuvardhana IV, during the presence of his father Krishna I. He is also for his perseverance to corporeal contentment. Apparently, his younger brother Dhruva undertook the majority of the overpowering as the realm had attained three times the dimension it was during the Krishna I`s reign. The Paithan copper plate writings indicate that the emperor attempted to recoup the lost authority over the empire with the assistance of the neighboring Kings of Kanchi, Vengi and Malwa, although his attempts proved to be futile. Govinda II, the older son Krishna I, bid adieu to the government and the position was restored by the Dhruva Dharavarsha also known as Nirupama, his younger brother. Dhruva Dharavarsha: One of the most proficient rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, DhruvaDharavarsha (780-793) C.E. succeeded to the throne, subsequent to his older brother Govinda II. Evidences asserting the empirical powers of Dhruva are witnessed in the Garugadahalli writing of 782 and the Dhulia grant of 779. Although certain historians proclaimed that Dhruva appalled and seized the throne from his brother, other historians assert that switch of the throne from Govinda II to Dhruva was serene. The emperor attained the titles of Srivallabha, Kalivallabha, Parameshvara, Dharavarsha and Maharajadhiraja. Govinda III (793 - 814) C.E. He was a celebrated Rashtrakuta king who succeeded his eminent father Dhruva Dharavarsha. Militarily, he was the most triumphant King of the reign with unbeaten conquests from Cape Comorin in the south to Kannauj in the north, from Banaras in the east to Broach (Bharuch) in the west. He embraced titles like Jagattunga, Prabhutavarsha, Kirthinarayana, Anupama, Prithvivallabha, Vimaladitya, Shrivallabha, Atishayadhavala and Tribhuvanadhavala. Amoghavarsha I: Amoghavarsha I (800-878) C.E. was one of the utmost monarchs of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Historians have measured him up to the renowned Emperor Ashoka in his spiritual disposition and adore for tranquility. Several Sanskrit and Kannada intellectuals flourished during his statute as well as Mahaviracharya, who inscribed Ganita-sara-samgraha, Jinasena, Virasena, Shakatayan and Sri Vijaya. Amoghavarsha I was also a celebrated poet and researcher and engraved Kavirajamarga, the most primitive literary work in Kannada and Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a sacred work in Sanskrit. During his decree, he held names such as Nripatunga, Atishadhavala, Veeranarayana, Rattamarthanda and Srivallabha. He stirred the Rashtrakuta ceremonial capital from Mayurkhandi in the Bidar district to Manyakheta in the Gulbarga district in contemporary Karnataka. He is said to have built the regal city to match that of Lord Indra. Krishna II: Krishna II (878 - 914) C.E. succeeded Amoghavarsha I, subsequent to his demise. In Kannada, he was named Kannara. Mahadevi, his queen was a Haihaya princess of Chedi. Taking into account, the chronology of writings mentioning the name of this king, it was apparent that Krishna II had possibly commenced his statute even during the lifetime of his father. Krishna II`s reign proved to be productive for literature, although in the affairs of extension of the empire, his supremacy was assorted. Indra III: Indra III (914 - 929) C.E., the grandson of Krishna II and son of Chedi princess Lakshmi, turned the emperor of the kingdom owing to the premature demise of his father Jagattunga. He earned several titles to his glory such as Nithyavarsha, Rattakandarapa, Rajamarathanda and Kirthinarayana. He supported Kannada poet and commander SriVijaya and Sanskrit poet Trivikrama. Indra III was wedded to the princess of the Kalachuri dynasty of central India (Chedi)- Vijamba. The emperor`s reg lasted for a year and was succeeded by his Govinda IV. Govinda IV: Govinda IV (930 - 935) C.E. the younger brother of Amoghavarsha II became the Rashtrakuta king in 930 as illustrated in the Kalasa record of Chikmagalur. A detested monarch who indulged in profligate acts, he lost the authority over Kannauj. The Chalukyas of Vengi overpowered him and profound sum of territory was lost. Finally, his own feudatories including King Arikesari of Vemulavada in Andhra dismayed against him and placed Amoghavarsha III on the throne in 935. This is known from the records of Kannada Poet Adikavi Pampa, who was patronised by King Arikesari. Govinda IV shared matrimonial relationship with the Cholas of Kanchi and lastly established retreat when his feudatories upheavaled. The emperor is said to have patronized the Kannada poet Ravinagabhatta. Amoghavarsha III: Amoghavarsha III (934 - 939) C.E., the younger brother of Indra III, also identified as Baddiga was in exile in Tripuri and the uncle of Govinda IV. The emperor attained supremacy with the assistance of King Arikesari of Vemulavada in Andhra and other feudatories who rebelled against him. His age and spiritual disposition forbid him to illustrate curiosity in the authority of the kingdom, thereby leaving the kingdom in the hands of his son. The king was married to Kundakadevi, a princess from the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri. His daughter was married to Western Ganga Dynasty King Bhutuga II to whom a large territory was given as dowry. Krishna III: Krishna III (939 - 967 C.E.) was the utmost combatant and a proficient emperor. An astute supervisor and dexterous military campaigner, he waged several battles to retain the lost glory of the realm and played a vital role in reconstructing the Rashtrakuta Empire. He patronized the famous Kannada poets Sri Ponna who wrote Shanti purana, Gajankusha, also known as Narayana who wrote on erotics and the Apabhramsha poet Pushpadanta who wrote Mahapurana and other writings. His queen was a Chedi princess and his daughter Bijjabbe was married to a Western Ganga prince. During his rule he held titles such as Akalavarsha, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshvara, Paramamaheshvara, Shri Prithvivallabha etc. He feinted a gigantic domain extending from the Narmada River in the north to the Kaveri river delta in the south. A copper grant of 993 issued by the Shilahara king of Thana declares that the Rashtrakuta power extended from the Himalayas in the north to Ceylon in the south and from the eastern sea to the western seas. The grant circumstances that when King Krishna III mobilized his armies, the kings of Chola, Bengal, Kannauj, Andhra and Pandya regions would remble. Khottiga Amoghavarsha: The decline in the Rashtrakuta empire set in. The Paramara King Siyaka II ransacked Manyakheta and Khottiga passed away skirmishing them. The Jain inscription of Mahapurana written by Pushpadanta supports the fact. Karka ascended him to the throne. Karka II: Karka II ascended Kottigga Amoghavarsha to the Rashtrakuta throne. He comprised of military triumphs in opposition to the Cholas, Gurjaras, Hunas and Pandyas and his feudatory, the Western Ganga Dynasty King Marasimha II overpowered the Pallavas. But the weaknesses created by the earlier plunder of Manyakheta by Paramara King Siyaka II exposed the Rashtrakutas to further depredation who did not live for long. At this instance, Chalukya Tailapa II stated autonomy and executed Karka II. Indra IV: Indra IV (973 - 982) C.E., the nephew of the emperor of Western Ganga Dynasty and the last king of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. The Ganga king Marasimha II endeavored to maintain the deteriorating Rashtrakuta Empire unharmed but turned out to be futile. Marasimha II stanched Sallekhana in 975 and Indra IV followed him in 982. Thus this dynasty of Rashtrakutas vanished into history. However several related families had come to power in various parts of India during the imperial expansion of the Manyakheta Empire. These kingdoms sustained to statute for numerous centuries. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||