This district is located in Jharkhand state. The latitude and longitude of the district can be mentioned as 23.23N and 85.23E respectively. The total area is 7574.17 sq. km. whereas the height of this district from sea level is 2140 ft. The temperature varies, like in winter the min. is 10.3 and max. is 22.9 while in summer min. is 20.6 and max. is 37.2. The annual rainfall is 1530. There are mainly three climates namely summer, winter and rainy seasons.

The main tribes are Oraon and Munda. Some minerals are also found in this district. But the main ones are limestones, coal, asbestos, and ornamental stones, etc. The important crops are rice, millets pulses and oil seeds. The languages, which are normally spoken, are Hindi, Nagpuri, Oraon, Mundari and Kurmali. Some important rivers that flow through the district are mainly Subarnarekha, South Koel and Sankh. Roadways, airways as well as railways connect the district with other parts of the country. NH-33 and NH-23 connects the district very well. The population density is 362.

According to 2001 census report the total area of the district is 1873635.75 acres. The total numbers of households are 505508 while total population is 2785064. Out of total population, 1500541 persons are literate. The sex ratio is higher in male than in female.