
In
Tripura, Riang tribes are mainly concentrated in the eastern hill. Riang tribal community has been able to hold a place of significance in the whole of the tribal community. In fact as per the observation of all the anthropologists, these Riang tribes have been acclaimed as one of the twenty-one Scheduled tribes of the sate of Tripura. Several people of the state of Tripura state love to identity these Riang tribes in diverse names. Riang tribes like to identify themselves as Bru. It has rightly been believed by this Riang tribal community that the term Riang has been taken from another word, Borok in `Kokborok`.
Society of Riang Tribes
The societal structure of the Riang society is also unique. In fact the whole of the Riang community can be segregated into 2 major groups - Meska and Molsoi. The Riang Tribes prefer to live in a village which is situated on the plateau of a hill. The villages are not near instead they are apart from one another. Their traditional house is rectangular in shape. The size of a house depends upon the economic condition of the people. The floor is raised above the ground.
Riang society is patriarchal. The father is the head of the family. A clan functions as a local group. Its members trace their origin from living persons. Membership of a clan is acquired by birth so they are bound together by a bond of economic obligation. Marriage is a significant institution in the Riang tribal community who follow endogamy. Haloksai, and Haloksam are the two marriage systems of Riang.
The women belonging to the Riang tribes are expert weavers. They have a small loom which is simple and easy to operate. The economy of the Riang is a mixed economy that comprises of hunting, fishing, foraging, shifting cultivation, basketry, weaving, plough cultivation and horticulture. Hunting is resorted to when they are free from their engagements in the cultivation of their fields or when there is a food shortage.
Religion of Riang Tribes
The Riang worship a number of malevolent and benevolent deities. Some deities are worshipped daily and some are worshipped by the entire community annually and occasionally. Guardian goddesses of paddy and cotton are worshipped respectively in October. The religion of these Riang tribes is quite enriched and affirms the fact that they have got a plethora of deities. Fourteen gods and goddess of Tripura state are the principal deities of these Riang tribes also. Subrai, Twima, Mailungma, Khulungma, Goria, Kalaia, Sangrongma, Haichuma, Burasa, Thunairok, Bonirok are some of the deities of the Riang society. Noksuma is the deity of every house of the Riang community.
Festivals of Riang tribes
Festivals celebrated by the Riang Tribes include Ker, Gonga mwtai, Goria, Chitragupra, Hojagiri, Katangi puja, Lampra uathop. The Garia Puja is an important festival which is organised in the month of April. These two occasional assume the character of festival and celebrated gorgeously with rites, rituals, feasting, dancing, singing and drum-beating. Mainukma and Khumaukma are the guardian goddesses of paddy and cotton crops. They are worshipped in October and this festival is also known as Lakshmi Puja or Kojagari or Hojagiri.
Hojagiri nritya is witnessed in the Hojagiri festival. It is ritualistic in nature. In the Tripuri hojagiri nritya movement styles do not crystallize the agricultural activities. It is calendric and ritualistic. The Riang hojagiri nritya is a dance of balance. The balance is used in a number of combinations. Young ladies perform this balance-dance. Each dancer stands upon a crock and whole weight is placed on the crock.
The Riang possesses well organised political structure to ensure discipline into the whole community. There are three tier administrative structures - village level, zonal level and state level. The stale level council is the biggest superimposed unit in the political system. The chief of the whole community is known as Kami Kachkao.
(Last Updated on : 3/12/2010)